This study is very important to ensure that business organizations can formulate and plan a strategic plan to continue to ensure that their business performance remains viable and sustainable. The aim of this study is to assess the direct relationships between corporate image, employee engagement, organizational culture, employee loyalty, and business performance among private business organizations. This study is vital to be carried out because many private organizations face difficulty to maintain their business performance in the coming years. The research model of this study consists of three independent variables: corporate image, employee engagement, organizational culture, employee loyalty as a mediator, and business performance as a dependent variable. This study adopts a quantitative approach by using primary data for analysis. Primary data were utilized in this study and a survey questionnaire which was adopted and adapted from previous studies was used for data collection. 329 clean data were used in the data analysis by utilizing the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Smartpls3 was used in this study to run the multivariate data analysis and test the proposed hypotheses. In addition, the model measurement and structural model assessment procedures also were performed by using Smartpls3. The PLS-SEM technique was employed for this study due to its assessment ability. Initially, the convergent validity was evaluated on the measurement model by assessing the construct reliability and validity. Then, the discriminant validity was assessed and confirmed through cross-loading and Hetrotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratios. Subsequently, the structural model was assessed and the hypotheses testing reveals that corporate image, employee engagement, and organizational culture, have a positive and significant influence on employee loyalty and business performance was strongly affected by employee loyalty. This shows that corporate image, employee engagement, and organizational culture are very important factors and business organizations need to pay serious attention if they want to ensure that the planned business performance can be achieved.

This study is very important for business organizations to formulate and plan strategies to ensure the ability to maintain sustainable business performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct relationship between organizational culture and corporate image with business performance, as well as the direct relationship between organizational culture and corporate image with employee loyalty. This study also evaluates the effect of mediating employee loyalty on the relationship between organizational culture and business performance as well as the effect of mediating employee loyalty on the relationship between corporate image and business performance. This study uses a quantitative approach by using primary data for analysis. Adopted and adapted survey questionnaires from previous studies were used to collect data. A total of 329 clean data were used in data analysis using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) techniques. This study used Smartpls3 software to analyze multivariate data and proposed hypotheses. Furthermore, by using Smartpls3, model measurement and structural model assessment procedures were also carried out. Evaluation of construct validity and reliability was performed to confirm the presence of convergent validity and reliability. Subsequently, the discriminant validity was assessed through crossloadings and Hetrotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratios., Then the structural model assessment was assessed, and from the hypotheses testing results, it was found that both organizational culture and corporate image have a positive and significant relationship with business performance and employee loyalty. Mediating effect analysis revealed that employee loyalty significantly mediated the relationships between organization culture and corporate image with business performance. The findings showed that organizational culture and corporate image were important factors to be considered in strengthening employee loyalty which will eventually lead to better organizational business performance.

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that may influence individuals in Malaysia to engage in tax evasion. Three independent variables (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control), one mediating variable (tax knowledge), and one dependent variable (tax evasion intention) are included. This report will utilize a quantitative method of analysis, relying on primary data. This study evaluates the direct relationship between attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control with tax knowledge, and the direct relationship between tax knowledge with tax evasion intention. Primary data were utilized in this study and a survey questionnaire which was adopted and adapted from previous studies was used for data collection. 204 clean data were used in the data analysis by utilizing the structural equation modeling technique. SPSS software and Smartpls version 4 software will be used for the assessment of direct and indirect relationships and hypotheses testing of the model. This research will provide valuable information into how to deal with the intention of paid workers in Malaysia to engage in tax evasion behaviour. Initially, the construct validity and reliability were assessed in order to determine the measurement model's convergent validity. Next, the Hetrotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratios and cross-loading were used to evaluate and corroborate the discriminant validity. The structural model was then evaluated, and the results of the hypothesis testing show that attitude and subjective norm have a positive and significant influence on tax knowledge and that tax knowledge has a significant impact on tax evasion behaviour.

This study is very crucial for private business organizations to achieve business performance by formulating short and long-term strategies and plans to achieve the set business performance. The topic being studied is important for private organizations because it will allow organizations to improve their performance and business sustainability in the future. The purpose of this study is to measure the direct and indirect relationship between employee engagement, employee loyalty, corporate image, and business performance. This study uses a quantitative approach by using primary data for data analysis. A total of 329 clean data were used in data analysis using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. This study uses Smartpls3 software to analyze multivariate data and the proposed hypotheses. Furthermore, model measurement and structural model assessment procedures were also carried out by using Smartpls3. An assessment of construct reliability and validity was done to confirm the existence of convergent validity and reliability. Then, discriminant validity is assessed by calculating cross-loadings and Hetrotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratios. Next, the inner model was assessed and from the results of hypotheses testing, it was found that employee engagement does not have a direct relationship with business performance, while employee loyalty and corporate image have a direct relationship with business performance. On the other hand, employee loyalty and corporate image have a significant mediating effect on the relationship between employee engagement and business performance. Findings from the analysis show that employee loyalty and corporate image are important mediators in the relationship between employee engagement and business performance. For future studies, it is suggested that other variables such as leadership style.