Hydrological models are useful tools for water resources studies, yet their calibration is still a challenge, especially if aiming at improved estimates of multiple components of the water cycle. This has led the hydrologic community to look for ways to constrain models with multiple variables. Remote sensing estimates of soil moisture are very promising in this sense, especially in large areas for which field observations may be unevenly distributed. However, the use of such data to calibrate hydrological models in a synergistic way is still not well understood, especially in tropical humid areas such as those found in South America. Here, we perform multiple scenarios of multiobjective model optimization with in situ discharge and the SMOS L4 root zone soil moisture product for the Upper Paraná River Basin in South America (drainage area > 900,000 km²), for which discharge data for 136 river gauges are used. An additional scenario is used to compare the relative impacts of using all river gauges and a small subset containing nine gauges only. Across the basin, the joint calibration (CAL-DS) using discharge and soil moisture leads to improved precision and accuracy for both variables. The discharges estimated by CAL-DS (median KGE improvement for discharge was 0.14) are as accurate as those obtained with the calibration with discharge only (median equal to 0.14), while the CAL-DS soil moisture retrieval is practically as accurate (median KGE improvement for soil moisture was 0.11) as that estimated using the calibration with soil moisture only (median equal to 0.13). Nonetheless, the individual calibration with discharge rates is not able to retrieve satisfactory soil moisture estimates, and vice versa. These results show the complementarity between these two variables in the model calibration and highlight the benefits of considering multiple variables in the calibration framework. It is also shown that, by considering only nine gauges instead of 136 in the model optimization, the model is able to estimate reasonable discharge and soil moisture, although relatively less accurately and with less precision than for the entire dataset. In summary, this study shows that, for poorly gauged tropical basins, the joint calibration of SMOS soil moisture and a few in situ discharge gauges is capable of providing reasonable discharge and soil moisture estimates basin-wide and is more preferable than performing only a discharge-oriented optimization process.
Long-term soil moisture forecasting allows for better planning in sectors as agriculture. However, there are still few studies dedicated to estimate soil moisture for long lead times, which reflects the difficulties associated with this topic. An approach that could help improving these forecasts performance is to use ensemble predictions. In this study, a soil moisture forecast for lead times of one, three and six months in the Ijuí River Basin (Brazil) was developed using ensemble precipitation forecasts and hydrologic simulation. All ensemble members from three climatologic models were used to run the MGB hydrological model, generating 207 soil moisture forecasts, organized in groups: (A) for each model, the most frequent soil moisture interval predicted among the forecasts made with each ensemble member, (B) using each model’s mean precipitation, (C) considering a super-ensemble, and (D) the mean soil moisture interval predicted among group B forecasts. The results show that long-term soil moisture based on precipitation forecasts can be useful for identifying periods drier or wetter than the average for the studied region. Nevertheless, estimation of exact soil moisture values remains limited. Forecasts groups B and D performed similarly to groups A and C, and require less data management and computing time.
Resumo: Este artigo se resume ao estudo hidrológico da bacia do Rio Doce. Na cabeceira desta bacia ocorreu o rompimento de uma barragem de rejeitos que resultou em perdas humanas e num grande desastre ambiental. E, devido a este fato recente, este trabalho procurou subsidiar, a partir de simulação hidrológica, estudos posteriores de rompimentos de barragens na região, que necessitem
Desenvolvimento de recursos hídricos. 2. Política ambiental-Brasil. 3. Sustentabilidade. I. Schiebelbein, Luis Miguel. II. Título. III.Série. CDD 343.81 Elaborado por Maurício Amormino Júnior-CRB6/2422 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. 2018 Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais. www.atenaeditora.com.br APRESENTAÇÃO A obra "Gestão de Recursos Hídricos e Sustentabilidade" aborda uma série de artigos e resultados de pesquisa, em seu Volume I, contemplando em seus 21 capítulos, os novos conhecimentos científicos e tecnológicos para as áreas em questão. Estrategicamente agrupados na grande área temática de GESTÃO DE BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS, ne nas seções de Meteorologia, Modelagem, Conceitos Aplicados & Estudos de Caso, traz à tona informações de extrema relevância para a área dos Recursos Hídricos, assim como da Sustentabilidade. Os capítulos buscam de maneira complementar, abordar as diferentes áreas além de concentrar informações envolvendo não só os resultados aplicados, mas também as metodologias propostas para cada tipo de estudo realizado. Pela grande diversidade de locais e instituições envolvidas, na realização das pesquisas ora publicadas, apresenta uma grande abrangência de condições e permite, dessa forma, que se conheça um pouco mais do que se tem de mais recente nas diferentes áreas de abordagem. A todos os pesquisadores envolvidos, autores dos capítulos inclusos neste Volume I, e, pela qualidade e relevância de suas pesquisas e de seus resultados, os agradecimentos do Organizador e da Atena Editora. Ressalta-se ainda e indica-se a consulta ao Volume II, o qual aborda as grandes áreas temáticas de QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA, RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NO ABASTECIMENTO, UTILIZAÇÃO AGRÍCOLA DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS & SUSTENTABILIDADE. Complementarmente, espera-se que esta obra possa ser de grande valia para aqueles que buscam ampliar seus conhecimentos nessa magnífica área da Gestão de Recursos Hídricos, associada à Sustentabilidade. Que este seja não só um material de apoio, mas um material base para o estímulo a novas pesquisas e a conquista de resultados inovadores.
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