Introduction: Oral mucosa can be affected by a variety of soft tissue lesions and conditions. Benign as well as malignant lesions of oral cavity are common. Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the commonest malignancies. The present retrospective study was undertaken to study the prevalence of various oral mucosal lesions in a tertiary care dental hospital of Kathmandu. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology at Kantipur Dental College and Teaching hospital from January 2015 to January 2017. The study included biopsy specimen from the oral cavity. The parameters included in the study were age, gender, site of the lesion and histopathological diagnosis. The data collected was statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 111 biopsy cases were included in the present study. Out of which, there was 16 (14.4%) cases of non neoplastic and 16 (14.4%) cases of benign pathology. The oral cavity lesions were commonly seen in age range between 6-74 years where males 59 (53.2%) were mostly affected. The most common site for oral lesion was buccal mucosa 23 (20.7%) and anterior gingiva 23 (20.7%). 15 (13.5%) cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were seen as the predominant malignancy affecting in the vestibular region 8 (7.2%). Conclusions: The present study shows benign as well as the non neoplastic lesions were more prevalent in oral mucosa with the buccal mucosa and anterior gingiva as the commonest site of occurrence. Keywords: Benign; Malignant; Non neoplastic; Oral mucosal lesion.

Glandular odontogenic cyst is rare phenomenon with 0.012% to 0.03% frequency of all jaw cysts and worldwide prevalence of 0.17%. Diagnosis of Glandular odontogenic cyst, well known for its aggressive growth potential and high rate of recurrence, is very crucial. This report presents cases of two 50-year old individuals with Glandular odontogenic cyst presenting as a radiolucent lesion of maxilla. Final diagnosis was made on the basis of histopathological features and further confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis.

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease clinically presenting as vesicles, bullae and erosion on the skin and mucous membrane. Histopathologically, it is characterized by acantholysis and supra basilar split. The underlying mechanism causing intra epithelial split in pemphigus vulgaris is binding of IgG autoantibodies to desmoglin 3 which belongs to a transmembrane glycoprotein adhesion molecule. Here we present a case of 27 years old male patient suffering from pemphigus vulgaris. This Case report highlights the importance of detailed case history, thorough clinical examination and appropriate investigation to reach a diagnosis of vesiculobullous lesion.

Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor is a rare odontogenic neoplasm that was initially considered to be a solid variant of Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst with locally aggressive behavior. Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor comprises less than 0.5% of all odontogenic tumors and characterized histologically by an ameloblastomatous epithelium with an area of ghost cell formation and a varying amount of dentinoid. Herein we report a case of intraosseous Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor in a 32 years old male patient with a clinical presentation of bony hard swelling in the left mandibular region. The diagnosis was made on the basis of histopathological findings and histochemical analysis.

Introduction: Maxillary lateral incisor is a common congenitally missing tooth in the oral cavity. Maxillary lateral incisor is also the most common varying tooth in form than any other tooth. The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors and peg laterals in patients receiving orthodontic treatment. Materials & Method: This is a cross sectional retrospective study carried out among 204 orthodontic patients. Panoramic radiographs taken during the diagnostic procedure of orthodontic treatment was used to confirm the presence or absence of lateral incisors. The presence of peg laterals was determined by dental casts. Result: Prevalence of missing maxillary lateral incisors and peg laterals was found 2.5% and 3.9% respectively. Prevalence of missing lateral in male was 5.7% while among female no missing laterals were observed. Prevalence of peg laterals in male and female was 1.1% and 6% respectively. Among the missing lateral incisors, prevalence of bilaterally missing lateral incisors was 60% while prevalence of both right and left unilateral missing laterals was 20%. Among the peg laterals, bilateral peg laterals were present in 50% patients, followed by left unilateral 37.5% and right unilateral 12.5% peg laterals. Conclusion: The present study shows higher prevalence of peg laterals than missing lateral incisors. Prevalence of missing lateral incisors was higher in male and prevalence of peg laterals was higher in female. Prevalence of bilaterally missing laterals and bilateral peg laterals was higher than unilateral presentation.