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Northern Côte d'Ivoire is the main livestock breeding zone and has the highest livestock cross-border movements in Côte d'Ivoire. The aim of this study was to provide updated epidemiological data on three neglected zoonotic diseases, namely brucellosis, Q Fever and Rift Valley Fever (RVF). We conducted three-stage cross-sectional cluster surveys in livestock and humans between 2012 and 2014 in a random selection of 63 villages and a sample of 633 cattle, 622 small ruminants and 88 people. We administered questionnaires to capture risk factors and performed serological tests including the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Brucella spp. indirect and competitive ELISAs, Coxiella burnetii indirect ELISA and RVF competitive ELISA. The human seroprevalence for Brucella spp. was 5.3%. RBPT-positive small ruminants tested negative by the indirect ELISA. The seroprevalence of Brucella spp. in cattle adjusted for clustering was 4.6%. Cattle aged 5-8 years had higher odds of seropositivity (OR=3.5) than those aged ≤4years. The seropositivity in cattle was associated with having joint hygromas (OR=9), sharing the pastures with small ruminants (OR=5.8) and contact with pastoralist herds (OR=11.3). The seroprevalence of Q Fever was 13.9% in cattle, 9.4% in sheep and 12.4% in goats. The seroprevalence of RVF was 3.9% in cattle, 2.4% in sheep and 0% in goats. Seropositive ewes had greater odds (OR=4.7) of abortion than seronegative ones. In cattle, a shorter distance between the night pens and nearest permanent water bodies was a protective factor (OR=0.1). The study showed that the exposure to the three zoonoses is rather low in northern Côte d'Ivoire. Within a One Health approach, cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness of control measures should be assessed for an integrated control.

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The study carried out from January to December 2019 in the North of Côte d'Ivoire aims to determine the prevalence of hemoparasites in cattle and sheep breeding. Blood smears were taken from the peripheral ears of 68 cattle and 64 sheep from the localities of Korhogo, Nafoun, Nagougaha, Mongaha and Lokoli. The results obtained from the study come from the laboratory register collected in 2019. Microscopic examination of blood smears has identified three types of hemoparasites: Anaplasma, Babesia and Theileria. Theileria is absent in sheep. At the level of hemoparasite species, sheep (71.88%) and cattle (70.59%) are more infected by Anaplasma marginale with a significant difference (p-value = 0.0001). In addition, cattle over one year are more infected with Anaplasma marginale. The prevalence of infection is 32.35% for one year to 3 years and 29.41% for over 3 years of age. Females (54.41%) are the most infected. Sheep over 3 months of age are more infected. Females (45.31%) are the most infected with a significant difference (p-value = 0.0261) for Anaplasma marginale. Cattle of Korhogo are more infected with Anaplasma marginale (36.76%) followed by Nagougaha (20.59%) with a significant difference (p-value = 0.0077). In addition, Anaplasma centrale (18.75%) more infects sheep in the locality of Lokoli followed by Korhogo (4.69%) with a significant difference (p-value = 0.00037).

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