The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a popular root vegetable that is grown all over the world. Potato production is popular in Nepal because of its greater adaptability, high yield potential, and high demand, contributing 6.57 percent to AGDP and 2.17 percent to GDP. In Nepal, it is grown on 197,037 hectares (ha) with a yield of 13.13 metric tons per hectare and a total production of 2,586,287 metric tons. The major objective of our research was to analyze the economics and marketing state of potatoes in Api-Himal rural municipality Darchula, Nepal where a survey on potato production and marketing was conducted. A total of 60 households were randomly sampled and interviewed as the primary source of information for the research. For the residents of Api-Himal RM, there are few options for sustenance and revenue generation. The area is ideal for potato farming, and potato trading has a direct impact on rural communities' livelihoods. The B/C ratio was found to be 1.62 in the research area. The average cost of potato production was Rs. 2,67,319 while the average return was Rs. 4,32,804. The research focuses on the marketing and production of potatoes from the growers to the final customers. Low yield, insect and disease infestation, and a lack of government support are among the issues. To promote the production and marketing of potatoes, availability of improved technology, an extension of technical knowledge, efficient management of marketing channels and substantial financial support by the government as well as local bodies are recommended.

ncreasing use of agrochemicals, higher cost, and deteriorating ecosystem health have advocated the requirement to vary external input use agriculture towards safe and sustainable organic production. Current research focuses on the factors affecting the adoption of organic farming by selecting farmers of the Darchula District. This study adopted a sampling technique to pick 62 respondents. From the survey, it had been found that there have been mainly subsistence farmers that mean growing agricultural products for his or her own consumption. Most of them don’t have food self-sufficiency for a year The findings revealed that the bulk of the households were male headed (79.03%) and literature (76%). Most of the farmers had a mean landholding of about 0.58 ha. Most of the farmers were lacking training on organic farming. The foremost problems of the study area were a scarcity of information about organic farming and government intervention. Most of the farmers are practicing organic farming and that they don’t realize this fact. The farmers are able to adopt organic farming in next the five years if the government provides proper training and knowledge about the certification process.

Spodoptera frugiperda is a migratory pest that infects maize and is noted for its high likelihood of dispersing quickly. It was originally discovered in central and western Africa in 2016, and Nepal’s first incidence of FAW was discovered in a maize crop on May 9th, 2019. S. frugiperda severely harmed maize harvests across the country in 2020, at a greater rate than the previous year. The cause and impact of FAW in Nepal have been identified as Nepal’s open border and a lack of seed quarantine control for late-maturing hybrids and late planting maize types. By heavily feeding on leaves, younger larvae inflict significant crop damage. Integrated pest management (IPM) techniques, which combine physical and mechanical, cultural, botanical, biological, and chemical methods, have been found to be effective in controlling and monitoring FAW in Nepal. As a result, the focus of this research is on the developing implications of FAW in Nepal, as well as control and prevention approaches to reduce the loss caused by FAW through appropriate management alternatives.

The research was conducted to study on value chain analysis of kidney beans in the Api-Himal region of the Darchula district to gain information from kidney beans producers and traders. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect the primary data from 50 households, and 15 from traders by using the purposive sampling technique. Out of 641 ropani, 255 ropani were used for Beans production. 255 ropani of land needed 1,020 kg of seeds, and productivity was 1.29 mt. /ha. It was found that 72.92% of the members were engaged in agriculture. The study showed that 1 kg of seed cost 120 Rs. The average yield was 202 kg. The average farm-gate price was Rs 141 per kg, and the market was Rs 160 per kg. The mean b/c ratio was 1.3. The land use and productivity of beans is in an increasing trend in recent years. Various problems in the production and trading system gave low returns. There was a large gap between farm gate price, and market price because of many middleman channels and higher transportation costs.