Litchi is an important subtropical evergreen fruit crop grown in Nepal, which have high nutritive value and refreshing taste. The Litchi growers are experiencing severe loss every year with the damage caused by several insect pests. Among them fruit and shoot borer Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is the one of the important insect pest. Experiments were conducted at RARS Tarahara on existing litchi orchard in RCBD design with four replication and five insecticides (Azadiractin, Chlorantraniliprole, Flubendiamide, Lambda cyhalothrin, and Dimethoate) with recommended doses in litchi orchard against C. sinensis during 2015 and 2016 AD to find out the efficient one. Among the tested insecticide chlorantraniliprole (18.5% w/w SC) and flubendiamide (39.35% m/m SC) each were found to be most efficient against C. sinensis and could be applied at the rate of 1 ml per 3 liter of water when fruit size was about pea and applied 3 times with 10 days interval.  This result suggested that these two insecticides could be used for the management for C. sinensis. Farmers may reduce the losses and increase their income with the application of these insecticides

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This study was conducted with the objective of assessing post harvest losses of potato varieties under farmers' storage conditions. Potato tubers of 7 varieties (4 released varieties viz. 'Janakdev', 'Khumal Upahar' Khumal Ujjwal and 'Khumal Vikash'; 2 registered varieties viz. ' and a local cultivar viz. Panauti Golo) were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications under four farmers' storage condition at Panauti-8, Kavrepalanchok district of Nepal during May 24 to Ausgust 11, 2019. Data were recorded on 20, 40, 60 and 80 days of storage. Observations were recorded on average weight loss, damage by tuber moth, days to sprouting, sprout length, days to shrinking, and damage due to rotting. The results showed that at 80 days of storage, the lowest weight loss (8.31%) was found in 'Khumal Ujjwal' followed by 'Janakdev' (8.74%) and 'Panauti Golo' (8.85%). Tthe difference between number of eyes and infested eyes was minimum in 'Panauti Golo' (1.65). Llate sprouting was observed in 'Panauti Golo' (68.5 days) and 'Khumal Upahar' (68.2 days). The shortest sprout length (2.3 cm) was recorded in 'Panauti Golo'. Shrinkage was late in 'Panauti Golo' (79 days) and 'Jankadev' (75.8 days).No damage by potato tuber moth was observed in the flesh of 'Panauti Golo' and 'Khumal Upahar'; however external infestation was detected in their eyes. Therefore, local cultivated variety 'Panauti Golo' was promising for its shelf-life in farm condition; which can be recommended for commercial production in mid-hill environment of Nepal.

Faba bean (Vica faba L.) is important crop of Nepal which is grown in all climatic zone of country. Different insect pests are host of faba bean but black bean aphid Aphis fabae Scop. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is of more concern. Most of the farmer shifted to another crop due to A. fabae problem. Different insecticide have been sprayed to manage this aphid but most of the farmer were unable control them. However, very limited research were conducted for its ecofriendly management. Thus, we evaluate different insecticides such as nitenpyram, flonicamid, imidacloprid, dimethoate, azadirachtin, and neem oil on laboratory. Scintillating glass vial test and filter paper test were employed. Higher number of aphid mortality were found on dimethoate with LT50 value of 15.93 hour followed by nitenpyram, and imidacloprid with 18.61 and 32.87 hour, respectively on scintillating glass vial test. On filter paper test, LT50 of dimethoate was 27.34 hour followed by imidacloprid and nitenpyram with 49.51 and 53.44, respectively. Similarly, higher lady bird beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linn (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) mortality were also caused by dimethoate with LT50 value of 63.38 hour followed by imidacloprid and nitenpyram with 153.21 188.42 hour. Our result suggested that nitenpyram or imidacloprid could be used for ecofriendly management of A. fabae with low mortality of its predator C. septempunctata. However precautionary measure has to be taken before applying them and waiting period has to be maintained for harvesting.

Mango, Mangifera indica (L.) is the important fruit crop in production in Nepal. Sternochetus mangiferae; Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is major monophagous insect pest which causes loss of both quantitative and qualitative value. To mitigate this problem, we designed and conducted experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design to evaluate effective insecticide against mango stone weevil on station and farmers orchard in two consecutive years at Sunsari and Udaipur districts. We sprayed five insecticides namely: azadirachtin, thiamethoxam, flubendiamide, lamda cyhalothrin and dimethoate in recommended doses on mango plant when the fruit was of pea size for four times at ten days interval. The damage was recorded at harvesting stage. Significantly less damage was recorded on the thiamethoxam treated plants followed by flubendiamide and lamda cyhalothirn. The interaction of the treatments with the location and years was not significantly different suggesting that the year and location had not any influence on the treatment effect. Our result suggested that thiamethoxam is effective to manage mango stone weevil.