Background: Cesarean section is the most commonly performed surgery in the department of gynecology. However, it has its own merits and demerits which affect the mother and the baby in the present as well as subsequent pregnancies. There is a rising trend of cesarean deliveries not only in India but worldwide. So, there is a dire need to audit these cesarean sections and make necessary recommendations accordingly to curb the rising incidence of cesarean deliveries in near future. Hence, the present study analysed the leading groups contributing to high cesarean rates at a tertiary hospital of Armed Forces using Robson ten group classification.Methods: This study was conducted in a Tertiary Hospital of Armed Forces at Chandigarh. All patients who delivered in this hospital between January 2016 to December 2018 were included in this study as per the Robson ten group classification.Results: number of patients who delivered during the time period January 2016 to December 2018 was 3136. Number of patients who delivered vaginally during the same period was 1865. Number of patients who delivered through cesarean section were 1271. Group 5 was the leading contributor to cesarean deliveries followed by groups 2 and 4 subsequently. However, there was significant contribution by group10 to the list.Conclusions: Groups 5, 2 and 4 are the leading contributors to cesarean sections at our institute. So, author need to introspect the labour room protocols and change our norms especially about fetal distress based on CTG monitoring and perform versions in mal-presentations if not contra-indicated to reduce cesarean section rates in near future. Even rising rates of cesarean section in elderly primis, patients conceived after infertility treatment and increasing trends of cesarean delivery on maternal request needs to be checked to reduce the rates of primary cesarean sections.

Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is one kind of hepatic disorder which is unique to pregnancy. It is associated with many adverse pregnancy outcomes if not intervened at the right time. It requires adequate clinical and biochemical correlation during management. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital among 1397 patients who underwent delivery during the study period from 01 July 2021 to 30 Jun 2022. Among the study population, those suspected to be having IHCP were subjected to laboratory tests and confirmed cases were further analysed for incidence and pregnancy outcomes in form of several maternal and fetal factors by appropriate statistical test using IBM SPSS version 20.0 Results: During the study period a total of 1397 patients underwent delivery out of which 174 showed clinical signs suggestive of IHCP. On subjecting these 174 suspected cases to further testing 53 patients were diagnosed with IHCP. The incidence of IHCP was 3.7% of which 28.30% (16/53) were primigravida. There were 22.64% (12/53) IVF pregnancies, 11.3% (6/53) were twin pregnancies. Total 28.30% cases (15/53) of IHCP presented with preterm labour. Of the total, there was 7.5% (4 /53) with meconium-stained liquor. Total 54.71% (29/53) cases underwent normal vaginal delivery, one forceps and one VBAC delivery, 45.28% (24/53) cases were underwent LSCS delivery and of this 70.8% (17/24) were emergency caesarean and 29.2% (7/24) were elective caesarean deliveries, 75% (18/24) were primary caesarean delivery. There were 25.4% (15/59) NICU admissions among new born of cases and 28.8% (17/59) were low birth weight babies. 25.4% (15/59) of neonates were seen to have APGAR score of less than 7 at 5 minute There was no stillbirth noted in diagnosed case of IHCP. Conclusions: IHCP causes significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and is major contributor of preterm delivery, caesarean delivery, meconium-stained liquor and NICU admission.

Background: Rubella is a droplet infection characterized by self-limiting illness. However infection during pregnancy may result in miscarriage, congenital birth defects leading to long term morbidity. The aim of the study was to estimate the seroprevalence of rubella immunity in pregnant women.Methods: Antenatal patients, irrespective of period of gestation, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were tested for rubella IgG antibodies.Results: A total of 258 pregnant women were included in the study. The estimated seroprevalence of immunity against Rubella infection was 70.5% (n=182) whereas 29.5% (n=76) were seronegative and thus susceptible to rubella infection. The distribution of seroprevalence of rubella immunity based on age group and gravidity were also evaluated.Conclusions: The results reveal high level of rubella sero positivity, which indicates continued transmission of rubella infection in the community.

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Genital tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that is still prevalent in third world countries but TB involving the cervix is a rare finding. It accounts for 0.1-0.65% of all cases of TB and nearly 5-10% cases of genital TB. Common presentation is persistent offensive vaginal discharge with either exophytic, ulcerative, interstitial or endo-cervical polypoidal growth over the cervix. We report here a rare presentation of cervical TB in young who presented with secondary amenorrhoea with ulcerative lesions over the cervix masquerading a cervical malignancy on local examination. Cervical biopsy revealed granulomatous cervicitis. The patient was managed with anti-TB treatment (ATT) for 6 months with resumption of menses and complete healing of the cervical lesion. Diagnosis of cervical TB is difficult clinically as it mimics an ulcerative variety of cancer cervix very closely. Confirmation is always by a cervical biopsy. This entity though rare can be entertained as a differential diagnosis in patients with cervical growth along with schistosomiasis, brucellosis and sarcoidosis.