his paper presents a technological study of items of Egyptian jewellery from the collections of the National Museums Scotland: a pendant from the 19 th century BC; objects from the 16 th century BC royal burial unearthed at Qurneh; two gold inger-rings dated to the 14 th century BC; and a group of pendants from the 13 th century BC. he objects were examined using optical microscopy, X-radiography and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, the elementary compositions of alloys and solder joints were investigated using air-path X-ray luorescence (XRF), proton-induced X-ray analysis (micro-PIXE), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS). his preliminary study provides information about the evolution of alloy composition and the use of alluvial gold, and illustrates the Ancient Egyptian goldsmiths' skills in working with wires, granulation and joining techniques. Résumé : Cet article présente l'étude technologique de pièces égyptiennes d'orfèvrerie faisant partie de la collection des musées nationaux d'Écosse : un pendentif daté du XIX e siècle av. J.-C., des pièces d'orfèvrerie provenant de la tombe royale de Qurneh datées du XVI e siècle av. J.-C., deux bagues datées du XIV e siècle av. J.-C. ainsi qu'un groupe de pendentifs datés du XIII e siècle av J.-C. Les objets ont été observés sous microscopie optique, par radiographie de rayons-X et par microscopie électronique à balayage en mode électron secondaire (MEB-SE). En parallèle, la composition des alliages et des soudures a été déterminée par luorescence des rayons-X (FX), par analyse par faisceaux d'ions (micro-PIXE) et par énergie dispersive de rayons-X (MEB-EDS). Cette étude préliminaire donne des informations sur l'évolution des alliages ainsi que sur l'utilisation d'or alluvionnaire, et illustre les techniques utilisées par les orfèvres de l'Egypte Ancienne, en particulier l'utilisation du iligrane, de la granulation et des techniques de soudure.
In 1908, the archaeologist Flinders Petrie discovered a rich intact burial of an adult and child at Qurneh, near Luxor. Stylistically, the burial has been dated to the late 17 th Dynasty, in the 16 th century BC. he complete burial group came to Edinburgh in 1909. A recent examination of the rings of the necklace found with the adult burial is presented as part of a wider study of the mummy collections of the National Museums Scotland (NMS). he necklace shows sophisticated workmanship, with 1,699 rings threaded onto four strands, the rings having uniform diameter and thickness, and very few of them showing any visible joints. he necklace rings have been examined by Optical Microscopy, X-radiography, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), air-path X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and proton induced X-ray analysis (micro-PIXE). We summarise these indings and propose the method of manufacture. We also describe an experimental attempt to make joint-less rings in order to compare them with the originals.
The National Museums of Scotland Mummy Project has provided important new information about a burial excavated in Egypt. This has resulted in the facial reconstruction of a woman who was probably a queen at Thebes ca. 1570-1520 BCE. There are strong suggestions from the grave goods and her diet that this woman may have been ethnically Nubian rather than Egyptian. However, it is not yet possible to establish her ethnic identity for sure, so a definitive reconstruction of her appearance in life remains elusive.
Hieroglyphic writing is an indigenous Egyptian script, which uses recognizable pictures to write the texts that accompany, explain, and dignify the sacred art of Ancient Egypt, primarily in its temples and tombs.
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