The design of a novel phase array panel that provides the L L L-band satellite to ground links for the IRIDIUM global communications system is presented. Key components and aspects of this phase array antenna are discussed including the beamforming architecture, radiated intermodulation products, the patch radiators, and the T/R module. The strategy for minimizing dc power consumption over a large range of multicarrier RF output power is described. Finally, test results showing compliant array operation are summarized.

All perforating operations cause debris, which can lead to wellbore restrictions, choked downhole hardware, plugged perforations, formation damage and operational problems throughout the installation of the completion. As a result, the industry has taken significant efforts to develop low-debris perforating systems. Low debris perforating techniques are important in maintaining a clean and productive perforation tunnel, as well as helping to reduce the risk of operational issues associated with debris during subsequent downhole tool operations. This risk minimization becomes even more important in complex completions with long zones at high shot densities (as often seen in sand control completions), in stacked completions where perforating on top of packers is required, and in horizontal completions, where debris can't fall into a sump area.One of the common methods for reducing the effect of perforating debris has been the use of zinc cased perforating charges. However, any low-debris system must also still create the optimum perforation in terms both of tunnel dimensions (maximum depth and diameter) and tunnel clean-up (minimum debris / reduced perm zone). Further, to maintain the connectivity of the perforation, consideration must be given to how the debris is handled after the perforating event and to potential interactions among the perforating debris and the wellbore and reservoir fluids. Extensive lab studies have examined all the effects of zinc perforating charges in these areas, but it is also critical to properly apply this to field scale applications through procedural examination.This study seeks to examine effects of perforating debris on field mechanical operations comparing different types of perforating debris. A comparison versus conventional steel-cased charges is also presented in terms of charge performance and dynamic clean-up effects of low-debris zinc charges. Further, an examination of chemical interactions of these low-debris systems in the field will be presented, and most critically, a comparative evaluation of procedural decisions and methods will be presented to show an optimum application of lab learnings to field scale applications. This paper also presents several case histories of wells that have been successfully completed using low debris perforating gun systems with zinc cased charges. Critical aspects of minimizing and managing debris, well productivity and other operational successes will be presented as part of the case histories.

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