Alpha spectrometry is a commonly used technique for the measurement of uranium isotopes in environmental samples because it is widely available at a relatively low cost. For natural uranium the (234)U to (238)U activity ratio should be 1 and the (238)U to (235)U activity ratio should be 21.7. However, a lower (238)U to (235)U ratio is usually observed in alpha spectrometric analysis of environmental soil samples. This observation has led to the conclusion that soils from nuclear weapons facilities were contaminated with highly enriched uranium. This study was undertaken to test the reliability of using activity ratios from alpha spectrometry to infer the presence of highly enriched uranium in soil samples. The results of these experiments indicate that the (238)U to (235)U activity ratio is not a reliable indicator, but that the (234)U to (238)U activity ratio can be used to qualitatively indicate the presence of highly enriched uranium at concentrations near 10 ng g(-1) and above.

Mibolerone (MI), a synthetic steroid, was used to sex‐reverse undifferentiated Oreochromis aureus fry. Fry were exposed to 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.0 ppm MI in static‐water solutions for five weeks (immersion treatments) or were fed a diet containing 1.0 ppm MI for four weeks in a flow‐through system. Following hormone treatment, the fish were grown to over 60 mm total length prior to sex determination using gonadal squash examination. Fish immersed in 1.0, 0.6, or 0.3 ppm MI had average tissue MI concentrations of 14.4, 5.6, and 3.3 ppm, respectively. Immersion in either 1.0 or 0.6 ppm MI for five weeks resulted in an average of 82% males and 18% ovo‐testicular fish (inter‐sex fish) with no gonadal females being produced. Exposure to 0.3 ppm MI resulted in 78.7% males, 20.7% ovo‐testicular fish, and 0.7% gonadal females. Feeding a diet containing 1.0 ppm MI resulted in 85% males, 11% ovo‐testicular fish, and 4% gonadal females. Fry growth and survival were negatively correlated with the MI concentration of the immersion treatments. Exposing tilapia fry to static‐water solutions of 0.6 ppm MI for five weeks appears to be a feasible method of eliminating the production of functional females. Immersion solutions should be changed at least weekly to maintain an effective hormone concentration.

Mibolerone (MI), a synthetic steroid, was used to sex‐reverse undifferentiated Oreochromis aureus fry. Fry were exposed to 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.0 ppm MI in static‐water solutions for five weeks (immersion treatments) or were fed a diet containing 1.0 ppm MI for four weeks in a flow‐through system. Following hormone treatment, the fish were grown to over 60 mm total length prior to sex determination using gonadal squash examination. Fish immersed in 1.0, 0.6, or 0.3 ppm MI had average tissue MI concentrations of 14.4, 5.6, and 3.3 ppm, respectively. Immersion in either 1.0 or 0.6 ppm MI for five weeks resulted in an average of 82% males and 18% ovo‐testicular fish (inter‐sex fish) with no gonadal females being produced. Exposure to 0.3 ppm MI resulted in 78.7% males, 20.7% ovo‐testicular fish, and 0.7% gonadal females. Feeding a diet containing 1.0 ppm MI resulted in 85% males, 11% ovo‐testicular fish, and 4% gonadal females. Fry growth and survival were negatively correlated with the MI concentration of the immersion treatments. Exposing tilapia fry to static‐water solutions of 0.6 ppm MI for five weeks appears to be a feasible method of eliminating the production of functional females. Immersion solutions should be changed at least weekly to maintain an effective hormone concentration.