The effects of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) enrichments, and N:P ratios on nutrient and carrageenan contents in Chondrus crispus Stackhouse were investigated using a factorial block experiment design. After a variable preconditioning period until they were markedly depleted in P and N, plants were cultivated for 5 weeks in seawater enriched with different concentrations of P (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 mm wk Ϫ1 ) and N (12.5, 20, 40 mm wk Ϫ1 ). Tissue total P content increased significantly with P enrichment up to 4.5 mm wk Ϫ1 . Variations in tissue total N content were more the reflection of seasonal variations of the initial nutrient content than due to experimental enrichment. Carrageenan production was optimized in the range of 20 mm N wk Ϫ1 and 1.5 to 3 mm P wk Ϫ1 , and of 40 mm N wk Ϫ1 and 1.5 mm P wk Ϫ1 , or higher, enrichments. No clear correlation was found between N:P ratio and carrageenan content. Dissolved inorganic N (DIN) in seawater remained low at all N and P enrichments; however, dissolved inorganic P (DIP) concentrations increased sharply at an enrichment of 4.5 mm P wk Ϫ1 and greater when algal tissues were becoming P saturated. Hence, determining the proper combinations of P and N enrichments, not N:P ratios, is of major importance for aquaculture systems for three reasons: 1) optimizing carrageenan production, 2) minimizing the direct cost of nutrients, and 3) minimizing the levels of DIP and DIN in effluents and, therefore, the indirect cost of nutrients due to their treatment to avoid excessive enrichment of coastal waters. Materials and Methods Algal materialChondrus crispus plants for all experiments were collected in mid-littoral tide pools at Maces Bay in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada. Fresh material was transported immediately to the laboratory where it was sorted according to life-cycle phases, the female gametophytes of classes 4 and 5 [as defined by Chopin et al. (1988)] being retained.
Lamun (seagrass) atau disebut juga ilalang laut. Istilah lamun untuk seagrass, pertama-tama diperkenalkan oleh Hutomo dimana merupakan satu-satunya kelompok tumbuhan hidup di perairan laut dangkal. Lamun tumbuh padat membentuk padang, sehingga dikenal sebagai padang lamun (seagrass beds). Penelitian pada ekosistem padang lamun dimana banyak terjadi kegiatan atau aktivitas pemanfaatan oleh manusia sangatlah terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini perlu diadakan sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai informasi awal bagi peneliti di perairan semenanjung Minahasa. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan di Perairan Semenanjung Minahasa Sulawesi Utara, khususnya di desa Arakan dan desa Tongkeina. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode jelajah. Sampel yang telah diperoleh (30 individu per species), diidentifikasi, diukur dengan aplikasi image-J gambar dan diolah menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 20.Rata-rata ukuran empat spesies yang diidentifikasi, memiliki variasi dan perbedaan antara spesies yang satu dengan spesies yang lain. Untuk spesies Cymodocea serrulata dan Thalassia hemprichii yang tumbuh di Tongkeina berukuran lebih panjang dibanding yang tumbuh di Arakan. Sedangkan untuk spesies Halodule pinifolia, terlihat yang tumbuh di Arakan yang memiliki ukuran lebih panjang dari Halophila ovalis. Hasil pengukuran menggunakan Hobo Pendant loggers di Arakan : intensitas cahaya 130000-139000 lux dan temperatur 36-37 0C. Di Tongkeina intensitas cahaya 230000-240000 lux dan temperatur 31-32 0C.Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketiga spesies baik yang tumbuh di arakan maupun yang tumbuh di Tongkeina memiliki variasi morfometrik.
Chlorophyll content of seagrass leaves varies among species and habitats byat least a factor of five, and shows plastic responses to seasonal variations in light availability as well as direct experimental manipulation. This study generally attempted to observe the relative amount of chlorophyll a, b content of Haloduleuninervis and Halodule pinifolia in Central Visayas, Philippines in relation tothese environmental factors which are: exposure, density, temperature, and lightintensity. Chlorophyll was determined using the equation of Jeffrey and Humprey(1975) whereas data gathered went through one way ANOVA followed byTukey’s Test. Significant variations were found in most photosynthetic parametersmeasured in this study. Overall, H. uninervis and H. pinifolia seems to obtainoptimal photosynthetic performances over a broad range of irradiances. Mainly,genus Halodule can be seen as a highlight species, which has also the ability to acclimate to low irradiances. in general, the result indicated that seagrasses tend to decrease the ratio of chlorophyll a:b by increasing the amount of chlorophyllb to compensate for the decline in light intensity in subtidal areas. Therefore, H.uninervis and H. pinifolia seem to have the ability of adjusting their chlorophyllcontent in performing optimal photosynthetic activity over a broad range of irradiance regimes.Keywords: Marine Ecology, chlorophyll content, seagrass, Halodule, experimental design,Philippines
Tumbuhan di dunia beraneka ragam. Ada yang di darat dan ada yang di laut. Lamun Halophila ovalis merupakan tumbuhan laut yang berbentuk oval dan hidup pada substrat berpasir dan pasir bercampur lumpur. Lamun ini mengandung pigmen terlihat pada hasil analisis spektrofotometer pada ekstrak pigmen total lamun dan pemisahan pigmen lewat uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Dalam proses ekstraksi digunakan pelarut aseton untuk penggerusan dan petroleum eter sebagai pemisah larutan. Pada kurva spektrofotometer terlihat dua puncak yaitu pada panjang gelombang 428 nm dan 660 nm terlihat masih adanya pencampuran pigmen. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka dilakukan pemisahan pigmen lewat KLT dan terdapat tiga lapisan yaitu lapisan pertama berwarna kuning teridentifikasi adalah pigmen karotenoid dengan nilai Rf 0,93, lapisan kedua berwarna hijau adalah klorofil a dengan nilai rata-rata Rf 0,96 dan lapisan ketiga berwarna kelabu yang teridentifikasi adalah feofitin a dengan nilai Rf 0,97.
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