Background Hand hygiene (HH) is a cost-effective measure to reduce healthcare-associated infections. The overall characteristics and changes of hand hygiene compliance (HHC) among healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic provided evidence for targeted HH intervention measures. Aim To systematically review the literature and conduct a meta-analysis of studies investigating the rate of HHC and the characteristics of HH during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and CBM databases were searched. All the original articles with valid HHC data among healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic (from January 1, 2020 to October 1, 2021) were included. Meta-analysis was performed using a DerSimonian and Laird model to yield a point estimate and a 95% CI for the HHC rate. The heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Q test and I 2 statistics and a random-effects model was used to contrast between different occupations, the WHO five-moments of HH and different observation methods. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines were followed. Findings Seven studies with 2377 healthcare providers reporting HHC were identified. The estimated overall HHC was 74%, which was higher than that reported in previous studies (5%-89%). Fever clinic has become a new key place for HHC observation. Nurses had the highest HHC (80%; 95% CI:74%–87%) while auxiliary workers (70%; 95%CI:62%–77%) had the lowest. For the WHO five-moments, the healthcare providers had the highest HHC after contact with the body fluids of the patients (91%; 95% CI:88%–94%), while before contact with patients healthcare providers had the lowest HHC (68%; 95% CI:62%–74%) which was consistent with before the pandemic. There existed great HHC differences among different monitoring methods (automatic monitoring system:53%; 95% CI:44%–63% vs openly and secretly observation: 91%; 95% CI: 90%–91%). Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, the compliance of healthcare providers’ HH showed a great improvement. The fever clinics have become the focused departments for HH monitoring. The HHC of auxiliary workers and the HH opportunity for “before contact with patients” should be strengthened. In the future, it will be necessary to develop standardized HH monitoring tools for practical work.

Leishenshan Hospital was an urgently built filed hospital in Wuhan only for treating coronavirus disease 2019 patients. From the 8th of February it received the first cohort of patients until the closure day, 15th of April, it totally accepted 2011 COVID-19 patients including 20.9% severe and 79.1% non-severe cases with a case fatality rate (CFR) 2.2% (95%CI 1.6-3.0%). Totally 1917 (95.3%, 95%CI 94.3-96.2) patients were cured with a recovery rate of 86.2% in severe group and 100.0 % in non-severe group. On the 8th of April 2020, Wuhan city eased the lockdown policy after 76 days of the most restrict measurement ever. Herein, we collected 509 medical records from Leishenshan hospital to share some commonly interested COVID-19 clinical data. Short CommunicationLeishenshan Hospital was an urgently built field hospital in Wuhan only for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. From February to April 2020, it totally accepted 2011 COVID-19 patients including 20.9% severe and 79.1% non-severe cases. At present, it is closed with a case fatality rate (CFR) is 2.2% (95%CI 1.6-3.0%). Totally 1917 (95.3%, 95%CI 94.3-96.2%) patients were cured with a recovery rate of 86.2% in severe group and 100% in non-severe group. On the 8 th of April 2020, Wuhan city eased the lockdown policy after 76 days of the most restrict measurement ever. Herein, we collected 509 medical records from Leishenshan hospital to share some commonly interested COVID-19 clinical data. All extracted and summarised data are showed in table 1.