The debate over the effect of "family involvement" on the performance of private enterprises has existed for a long time. However, most previous research ignored the organizational characteristics. In this paper, we incorporate one of the basic organizational characteristics-firm size-into our analysis by using data from a nationwide sample survey of private enterprises. From the two dimensions of family control and family intension, this work reveals that the agency problem and the resource advantage caused by family involvement were different in private-owned enterprises with different scales. The static positive effect of family involvement decreased as the scale of an enterprise increased. After reaching a certain scale, family involvement would have a negative impact on firm performance.

This article investigates the influence of family class background on college students’ education achievement by using the Beijing College Students Panel Survey. Statistical analyses show that elite class offspring are more likely to form student cadres and have higher English proficiency but lower grades. One reason for lower grades is that they do not devote enough time and energy to school. Another reason, however, is that the effect of cultural capital is weakened in a subjective, standardized system of examination and evaluation. Moreover, cultural capital has a greater effect when combined with other resources, meaning that elite-class children benefit more from cultural capital, which is consistent with the cultural reproduction theory.

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Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) has attracted increasing attention in recent years, systematic studies on the CSR of Chinese enterprises are absent from academic publications. This study examines the effects of family involvement in the CSR of private enterprises. Using private enterprise data in China, the article reveals that, on the one hand, family involvement will improve CSR investment toward community stakeholders; on the other hand, family involvement has a negative effect on the CSR of contractual stakeholders. With the influence of “chaxu geju,” the author argues that Chinese families tend to shift between different logics of behavior when faced with people with whom they have different types of relationships and incorporate this behavioral mode into company practices when they engage themselves in management and business affairs.