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Performance of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Scherb. cv. 'Ludion') receiving different doses of nitrogen, and lucerne (Medicago sativa L. cv. 'Kayseri') mixtures with tall fescue without nitrogen were compared in Erzurum, Turkey, for 5 years. Hay yield, crude protein content, and nitrogen harvest in mixtures of 1:1,2:1, and 1:2 tall fescue:lucerne were compared with those in pure tall fescue stands received 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha -1 . The mixtures did not receive N fertiliser apart from 40 kg N ha -1 in the establishment year. Over the 4 harvest years, the highest hay yields were obtained from two of the three mixtures (1 lucerne: 1 tall fescue and 2 lucerne: 1 tall fescue, 13.8 and 12.9 Mg ha -1 , respectively). The hay obtained from mixtures had higher crude protein content than that of pure tall fescue heavily fertilised with N. The total nitrogen harvest increased with increasing N applications in pure tall fescue stands, however mixtures showed superior N yield. Alternative sowing of lucerne and tall fescue (1:1) had better and sustainable hay production, crude protein content, and total nitrogen harvest than the other sowing methods. Hence, alternative sowing of lucerne and tall fescue with 30 cm row spacing is recommended for high and sustainable quality hay production in the absence of N fertilisation.

Meadows in highlands are an important source of feed for livestock especially when harvested as hay for the winter period. Hay production from meadows largely depends on water table and management practices. A study was conducted on meadows with different water table levels (L 1 : high, L 2 : medium, L 3 : deep) for investigating effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization (N 0 : 0, N 75 : 75, N 150 : 150, N 225 : 225 kg N ha (1 ) and cutting stage (CS 1 : pre-anthesis, CS 2 : anthesis, CS 3 : milk accumulation) on hay yield and botanical composition in 1997 and 1998. Dry matter (DM) production changed depending on water table levels among sites. DM production showed relatively small increases when cutting was delayed in L 2 until cutting stage CS 3 . The DM production and crude protein (CP) yield increased in response to N application, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was the same in L 1 and L 2 , but decreased in L 3 . N application slightly increased the ratio of grasses to legumes at L 2 and L 3 . N had no effect on grass to legume ratio in the L 1 location and L 1 was dominated by rushes and sedges. As cutting was delayed in L 1 and L 2 , the proportion of grasses increased, but rushes and sedges decreased. Fertilization practices have definite influences on botanical composition and production on meadows. Therefore, we propose 150 kg ha (1 nitrogen for flooded meadows to prevent N runoff, and 225 kg ha (1 for dry meadow in highlands. Cutting should be at the pre-anthesis stage.

Keywords:Forage sobean (Glycine max. (L) Merril) biofertilizers foliar application iron zinc forage yield ÖZ İran (Urmiye)'da 2013 -2014 yıllarında 2 yıl süre ile yürütülen bu çalışmada, yemlik soyanın kuru madde verimi ve bazı verim unsurları üzerine biyolojik gübre (kontrol, azot bağlayıcı ve fosfat çözücü) olarak Bitki Gelişimini Teşvik Eden Bakteri ile demir ve çinkonun yaprak gübre uygulaması şeklinde verilmesinin etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Deneme, şansa bağlı tam bloklar deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Bu çalışmada yemlik soya (Glycine max. (L) Merril)'nın Williams çeşidinin tohumları, azot bağlayıcı (Azotobakter), fosfor çözücü (Pseudomonas putida, strain P13, Pantoea agglomerans, strain P5) bakteri ile demir ve çinko besin elementi gübreleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada bitki boyu, bitkide dal sayısı, yaprak alan indeksi (YAI), kuru madde verimi ve ham protein oranı incelenmiştir. Denemede elde edilen sonuçlara göre bitki boyunun 111,5 -142,5 cm, bitkide dal sayısının 2,5 -3,7 adet, yaprak alan indeksinin 5,9 -8,5, kuru madde veriminin 1243,9 -1696,5 kg/da ve ham protein oranının ise %13,2 -16,4 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Deneme alanı toprakları çinko, demir ve fosfor yönünden yetersiz olduğu için fosfat çözücü (Pseudomonas putida, strain P13, Pantoea agglomerans, strain P5) bakteri ile demir ve çinko uygulamalarının ve ayrıca azot bağlayıcılarının (Azotobakter) yemlik soyanın verim ve kalitesi üzerine olumlu ve önemli bir etki yaptığı gözlemlenmiştir.In this study, carried out in 2013-2014 for two years in Iran ( Urmia) was aimed to determine the effects of foliar aplicaton of iron and zinc with applied of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria as biofertilizers (control, nitrogen fixing and phosphate solvent) on forage yield and some quality properties of soybean forage. The experiment was established in randomized complete blocks arrangement with four replications. In the study, were used soybean (Glycine max (L) Merril) Williams cultivar and nitrogen fixing (Azotobacter), phosphate solvent (Pseudomonas putida, strain P13, Pantoea agglomerans, strain P5) bacteria and Zinc and Iron micronutrients fertilizer. In this study, plant height (PH), number of branch per plant (BPP), leaf area index (LAI), dry matter yields (DMY) and crude protein percentage characteristics were investigated. According to the results, plant height, number of branch per plant, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter yield (DM) and crude protein percentage (CPP) varied between 111. 5-142.5 cm; 2.5-3.7; 5.9-8.5; 12439-16965 and 13.2-16.4 respectively. The positive responses were observed for phosphate solvent (Pseudomonas putida, strain P13, Pantoea agglomerans, strain P5) bacteria, nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azotobakter) and foliar aplicaton of iron and zinc, since the soils of experiment plots were poor of this element on yield and quality of foarage soybean.