Due to some particular advantages, such as the maximum suitable artificial lift system for heavy and sandy wells, higher pump efficiency and power saving, PCP (Progressive Cavity Pump) is becoming one of the popular oil artificial lift system in recent years. PCP artificial lift technology is up to 12% all over the world averagely, and 50% in Canada. For normal heavy oil (viscosity ≤1000CPo), the oil can be lifted to the surface only using conventional PCP system. But for the more viscosity oil (viscosity ≥1000CPo), the viscosity and frictional resistance in the formation and annular (between tube and sucker rod) will induce a very big difficulty for the oil flowing from the formation to pump depth and from pump depth to the surface, so some assistant measures must be used with PCP system to lift the oil from downhole to surface. For SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage), CSS (Cyclic Steam Stimulation) and SFD (Steam Flooding Drive) wells, steamed gas is assisted to decrease the oil viscosity to enhance its fluidity. PCM Vulcain™ (PCP with metal stator and metal rotor) had been successfully applied in such kind of wells since 2007. And PCM PCP with 198 high temperature resistant elastomer had been successfully used in 4 CSS wells. In addition, several high viscosity wells are producing with normal PCM PCPs assisted with light oil mixing system, hot water injecting system and electricity heating system. This paper will discuss the successful PCP artificial lift system applications with above 5 special assistant systems. This paper will be a guider for such kinds of special PCP technologies to be spread and applied widely in the world.

In this paper, we report our results on the use of patterned graphene on SiN waveguides inside an erbium doped fiber ring laser cavity for passive mode locking. We confirm the dominant influence of graphene over non-linear polarization rotation (NPR), arising from polarizing fiber to chip grating couplers, by observing the limits of NPR in high cavity loss fiber lasers. We fabricated waveguides, transferred and patterned graphene to three different lengths, and observed different types of pulses based on the length of graphene, pump power and polarization state of the cavity. We confirmed the success of graphene processing through Raman scattering and saturable absorption measurements, as well graphene absorption simulation. High chip-coupling loss was overcome by using multiple erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. We believe this research will stimulate further interest in combining integrated photonics and fiber laser technologies, and the miniaturization of pulsed laser cavities.

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ESPCP is a combination of Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) and Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) motor as an artificial lifting system in oil & gas industry. So ESPCP has also integrated the advantages of both PCP and ESP. It is considered as the most suitable artificial lift system for some special oil quality or well conditions, such as high viscosity oil, sandy oil, deviated or horizontal well and offshore platform. Besides, the PCP’s energy saving has also well reserved in ESPCP. Sanyang Co. Ltd. began its researches and developments on ESPCP since 1996, and now it succeeds to supply 2 series of ESPCP for 7" casing (150 serial) and 9 5/8" (200 serial) casing. And over 150 sets of ESPCP units have been tried and applied in different well conditions in CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Company), SINOPEC (China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation) and CNPC (China National Petroleum Company) offshore oil fields. These successful cases have covered the viscosity 100~8000 mpa.s, inclination angle at pump depth 20~86°, pump depth 900~1800m, flowrate 20~240 m3/d, and the average life span is over 400 days. The key point of ESPCP system is the reliable downhole mechanical transfer system (including the motor reducer) and the PCP elastomer suitable for high speed running. Sanyang Co. Ltd. Cooperated with PCM had successfully solved these technical bottlenecks of ESPCP syste,. This paper will discuss the advantage, technical highlights, the technical specifications and case stories of Sanyang-PCM ESPCP.