No abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of osteoarthritis (OA). Raw microarray data (GSE51588) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, including samples from OA (n=20) and non‑OA (n=5) knee lateral and medial tibial plateaus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Student's t‑test. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for the upregulated and downregulated DEGs. A protein‑protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed according to the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database, and module analysis of the PPI network was performed using CFinder. The protein domain enrichment analysis for genes in modules was performed using the INTERPRO database. A total of 869 upregulated and 508 downregulated DEGs were identified. The enriched pathways of downregulated and upregulated DEGs were predominantly associated with the cell cycle (BUB1, BUB1B, CCNA2, CCNB1 and CCNE1), and extracellular matrix (ECM)‑receptor interaction (CD36, COL11A2, COL1A1, COL2A1 and COL3A1). Functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs demonstrated that FGF19, KIF11 and KIF2C were involved in the response to stress and that ACAN, ADAMTS10 and BGN were associated with proteinaceous ECM. The top protein domain was IPR001752: Kinesin motor region involving three genes (KIF2C, KIF11 and KIF20A). The identified DEGs, including KIF2C, KIF11 and KIF20A, may be significant in the pathogenesis of OA.

Background The objective of the study was to compare the radiologic and clinical outcome of patients with distal radius fractures involving the intermediate column and distal radial metaphyseal fractures treated conservatively. Methods Two cohorts of 52 matched patients with distal radius fractures treated conservatively, one with a fracture involving the intermediate column and the other with no intermediate column fracture, were retrospectively analyzed by examining the data. Patients were matched for age, sex, fracture side, and AO fracture type. The two groups were analyzed for differences in wrist motion; grip strength; Gartland and Werley score; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score; and visual analogue scale (VAS) score at 12 months. The differences in continuous variables were compared using the paired t test. Linear regression analyses or Pearson correlation analyses were used to evaluate the associations of radiological parameters with clinical outcomes. Results The analysis showed significant differences in the range of motion (ROM) for pronation ( p = 0.000) and supination ( p = 0.008) in the paired groups. There was a significant difference in DASH scores ( p = 0.024) in the paired groups. Using Pearson correlation analysis, negative correlations ( r = − 0.360, p = 0.000) were observed between articular step-off and ROM for pronation. Linear regression analyses also indicated that ROM for pronation had negative relationships ( β = − 6.327, p = 0.001) with articular step-off. Conclusions Distal radius fractures involving the intermediate column had an adverse effect on forearm rotation after distal radius fractures treated conservatively.

Objective This study was performed to determine the prevalence of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries as shown by 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with distal radius fractures. Methods In total, 57 patients with distal radius fractures underwent 3.0T MRI examinations to observe the incidence of TFCC injuries after manual reduction and cast fixation. The fracture type was categorized by the AO classification, and the TFCC injury pattern was evaluated using the Palmer classification. The correlation between the location of the TFCC injury and the distal radius fracture pattern, distal radioulnar joint instability, or ulnar styloid fracture was analyzed. Results Fifty-five TFCC injuries were diagnosed. There was no significant relationship between the TFCC injury pattern and the type of distal radius fracture, distal radioulnar joint instability, or ulnar styloid fracture. Conclusions This study revealed a high prevalence of TFCC injuries in patients with distal radius fractures. The 3.0T MRI examination helps to assess TFCC injuries in patients with distal radius fractures. Clinical Trial Registration ChiCTR1800017101.

Objectives: The study was to establish a precise three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and then to validate its accuracy for the application to the research on clinical biomechanics. Materials and methods: The right forearm DRUJ of a volunteer (male, 28 years old, 62 kilograms) was scanned by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The resulting sectional images were input into MIMICS10.1 and ANSYS10.0 to generate 3D FEM of the DRUJ. With this FEM, the bending load, axial compression load and the torsion load conditions were simulated, and the vonmises stress distribution of the DRUJ was detected. The simulation results were compared with the biomechanics experiment results which were reported by the literatures. Results: The constructed FEM consisted of 333,805 elements and 508,384 nodes. Together, the simulation results with this FEM were in consistent with those of the reported experiments in bending load, axial compression load and torsion load conditions. Discussion: The 3D FEM of the DRUJ can reflect the real geometric structure of the DRUJ objectively and the simulation with this FEM can predict the results of the biomechanics experiments successfully.