Background: Acute respiratory tract infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing and also developed countries. About 13 Million under 5 children dies every year in the world, 95% of them in developing countries, one third of total deaths are due to ARI. Objective: To study the epidemiological profile of ARI and find out associated risk factors of ARI in under 5 children living in urban and rural areas of Ahmedabad district. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was covering 500 under 5 children living in urban (five zone) and rural (five PHC of Sanand taluka) area of Ahmedabad district from September 2008 to March 2009. Results: Occurrence of ARI was found to be 22%, it was lower in urban area (17.2%) as compare to rural area (26.8%) higher in. A significant association was found between ARI and low social class, overcrowded houses low birth weight, delay start initiation of breast feeding, prelactal feeding, timely given complementary feeding and immunization status. Conclusion: The study strongly towards the importance of basic health promotional measures like proper infant feeding practices, proper nutrition of the child and socioeconomic improvement in prevention and control of ARI.

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Background: Rastriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) is a holistic approach implemented for betterment of adolescent health. Barriers in the implementation can be identified by conducting the situational analysis of any program. The present study is a part of the multi-centric study conducted at Sabarkantha district for situational analysis of RKSK. To assess the implementation of various components under RKSK at various levels of health facilities, 2) to identify the barriers faced by services providers in RKSK implementation, and 3) to identify the perception of beneficiaries regarding RKSK. Materials and Methods: A Cross-sectional study using a mixed method approach was conducted to review the implementation of the RKSK program at Sabarkantha district. In-depth interview of health personnel involved in implementation of RKSK was conducted using pre-structured and pre-tested interview guide. Ongoing sessions of Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics (AFHCs) were examined, and exit interview of adolescents was conducted. Adolescents residing within limits of the defined facility were also interviewed. Frequency and percentages were used for descriptive analysis, and a thematic qualitative analysis approach was used for qualitative aspects. Results: RKSK was implemented successfully at Primary Health Centers. Infrastructure for AFHC was inadequate particularly at higher care facilities. Weekly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) was successfully implemented in the district. Overall sessions conducted at AFHC were found to be satisfactory. Adolescents interviewed in the community were satisfied with the services delivered to them under RKSK. Conclusion: For better implementation of RKSK, there is a need to focus on certain issues such as inadequate infrastructure of AFHCs, the lack of trained counselors, unavailability of sanitary pads, and inadequate participation of adolescents from the community in availing RKSK services.

Background: Coronavirus disease is an infectious disease caused by newly discovered coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which spread rapidly throughout the world. Vaccines will provide a lasting solution by enhancing immunity and containing disease spread. This study was conducted to find out vaccination status among Covid-19 positive patients and correlate severity of infections with vaccination status. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out among 1218 Covid-19 positive patients that were positive after the launch of Covid-19 vaccine, selected by purposive sampling method. Data was collected using pretested semi structured proforma. Results: Covid-19 vaccination coverage was very low (10.03%) in Covid-19 positive patients, for single dose it was 8.38% and for two doses it was 1.65%. Asymptomatic and mild cases were more in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated, it was statistically significant. Though hospitalization in vaccinated was less it was not significant. There was no death among vaccinated cases. Conclusion: Vaccination coverage were very low, this needs to improve. Vaccine was significantly reduces the severity of infection. It is recommended to vaccinate all eligible population as early as possible which will help in reducing severe and hospitalized cases and ultimately reducing the impact of Covid-19 pandemic..

Background: India, a globally important consumer economy and one of the fastest growing economies in the world. By 2025-26 the number of middle class households in India is likely to more than double from the 2015-16 levels to 113.8 million households or 547 million individuals. The standard of living in India shows large disparity. Objectives: To study the rural household condition regarding social, demographic and housing condition. Methods: This cross-sectional secondary data analysis study was conducted at RHTC – Hadiyol of GMERS medical college, Himmatnagar, Sabarkantha district, Gujarat during 1st January 2016 to 30th August 2016. Study included 500 household from RHTC with 2250 members of rural area by purposive sampling method. Results: Almost 93.8% population was residing their own house and 66.2% population have “pucca” house. Mean family size was 4.5 ± 1.5 in rural households. Separate kitchen was present in 54.4% houses. Conclusions: Study reveals the socio-demographic and housing status difference between urban slum and rural area regarding own house, number of family members, kitchen, latrine, bathroom, and overcrowding, sanitary practices.