This investigation will contribute in the evaluation of pump duty parameters required to design a system comprising of underground pop-up type sprinklers for irrigating turf grass lawn for a proposed site. The study specifically describes the design techniques of irrigation pipeline network of varied zones of landscape areas distant apart operating with minimum pumping units. The entire landscape area is designed with underground pop-up type sprinklers with proper selection spacing over the lawn. A method is proposed comprising of sprinklers, pipes diameters using pipe network simulating software where energy cost can be reduced. The study shows techniques on proper pump selection for landscaping. The labor cost, energy usage and water wastage has been tremendously reduced and optimized. Observations reveal varied pump parameters in that system for varied zones. This method reduces the various pumping units sectioning zones which can satisfy the maximum duty parameters of a single centrifugal pump of the landscape. This manuscript further elaborates on the practical aspects for the design of an efficient system.

Electrical energy is harnessed from various natural sources to protect the environment and ecology which is termed as green energy sources. When vortex is induced on a cylinder, it starts vibrating according to the formation of vortex. The vibration is so strong that it can destroy any structure wherever alternating vortex is induced. Currently Vortex Induced Vibration is used to harness electrical energy from ocean, river and shallow water channel. In this paper, experimental investigations were conducted in flume to analyse the behaviour of underwater flow structures around a 5 cm horizontal cylinder placed transversely to the flow at 60% and 70% depths from water surface and simultaneously a 5 cm wide vertical end plate set at 8 cm downstream from cylinder. Fluctuating 3D velocity components around such plate cylinder combination were measured. From subsequent plotted contours, changing flow patterns in presence of vertical plate are analysed. Hydrodynamic flow features are shown by plotting absolute velocity fields and velocity vectors. It visualizes that streamlines separate first and then passes over the periphery of horizontal cylinder. The contour of turbulence kinetic energy confirms the presence of strong vortex in between horizontal cylinder and vertical plate. The horseshoe vortex at the upstream of cylinder becomes stronger due to the presence of vertical plate. The results from these two experiments are compared with the results observed in previous researches. With the increase in cylinder depth from water surface, the horseshoe vortices strength becomes stronger.

This research deals with a case study of clear water rising pumping main to supply drinking water in Adityapur Municipality, Jharkhand, India. Pipes are important and most cost bearing entity in a water pipeline distribution network. Hence proper selection of pipe is most challenging job to pipeline designers. This study shows about various processes involved in order to get an optimum design in respect to the selection of pipes using WaterGEMS software. A 60 MLD Subarnarekha Water Supply Scheme (WSS) is been considered where two numbers 30 MLD pumps with 40 m rated head have been proposed on the basis of two working and two standby modes to fulfill the demand of drinking water. Mainly cost variation is compared due to change in pipe diameter in relation with energy cost against this WSS. As per the data received, the inputs were incorporated and accordingly the results are interpreted. The whole considered network consists 37 pipes and 10 junctions. Various system outputs are been reflected for steady state simulations. An extended period simulation has also been carried out to compute filling time of all tanks according to their water demands. The pumping energy cost comparison is also reflected when a 1200 mm diameter of pipeline is been replaced with 1000 mm pipeline that runs for 4.173 km. This study is an effort to open up the process of cost optimization in pressure pipeline network for implementation in various water supply schemes.

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