Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges, Benefits, and various determinants which play an important role in adopting social media among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh, based on the (Technology-Organization-Environment) TOE Model. The TOE framework seeks to understand the significant factors influencing the decision to adopt social media in SMEs in Bangladesh. Research methodology: In the study, a random sampling method was used to select a representative sample from the existing active SMEs in different regions of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was designed to measure constructs such as relative advantage. Preliminary data were collected from 365 small and medium enterprises through field studies. Then the survey data were analyzed using logistic regression (L.R.) of the independent variables included in the TOE framework Results: The outcomes of the study found that only 5 variables: relative advantage, complexity, consistency, top management's assistance, and innovative management factors significantly influence SMEs' decisions to adopt social media. Limitations: The busy schedules of the respondents are key limitations for the study along with the study area. If the study could explore more districts besides Dhaka city, then the study outcomes would be more extensive. Contribution: The results from this study will help SME foundations, research institutes, and government policymakers to formulate strategies for optimal use of social media in SMEs.

There are 50 indigenous or minority ethnic groups scattered across different regions of Bangladesh, of which the Mandas are a community. The Munda community has been living in the areas adjacent to the Sundarbans of Khulna and Satkhira districts for hundreds of years. Originally, their forefathers were the ones who cut down the forest and made the land suitable for cultivation without caring about the roar of the tiger and the snake. The ancestors of the Munda’s played a major role in cutting down the forests in the area surrounding the present Sundarbans and making them suitable for human settlement. The number of Munda’s scattered in the Sundarbans and its surrounding areas is decreasing day by day due to various types of adverse environment. On the other hand, the Munda’s own culture is also under threat due to the influence of Bengali culture. The main aim of this research is how to develop sustainable development of the Munda community from their current socio- economic structure in view of the current condition of the Munda community. The study is mainly quantitative in nature. Koira and Dumuria upazila of Khulna district and Shyamnagar, Debhata and Tala upazila of Satkhira district were selected through convenient sampling technique for the purpose of collecting primary data, because a large part of Munda community lives in these areas. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 250 respondents from five preselected areas. The respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was analyzed in terms of statistical indicators of frequency and percentage. The results of the study show that social indicators, Economic indicators and Cultural factors are very weak among the Munda community. Among the social indicators, Munda women and men have very little interest in following hygiene rules (Sanitation, Birth Control). Economic indicators show Income Source, Jobs Opportunity Munda community is facing many challenges recently. Many educated boys and girls of the Munda community spend their days in agony due to lack of suitable jobs which has a negative impact on everyone in the community. Cultural factor shows that the Munda community, which is plagued by poverty, can celebrate its cultural events in a grand manner, so that other communities or ethnic groups do not get any idea about their culture. This research will be of great help to those who work with the indigenous communities of Bangladesh, especially the various ministries of the government, NGOs, policy makers, government and private research organizations will be benefited

Purpose: The absenteeism of students in the classroom at an education institute is the interventional issue for this study and the flipped classroom method is used to solve or minimize this issue. Methodology: This study was conducted on 100 (before and after) students of the 2020-21 session (Bangla, English, Philosophy, Mathematics and Statistics courses) of two reputed colleges in Dhaka City. The collected data were analyzed and compared using independent t-test methods, where instructional intervention was an independent variable, and class attendance and mid-term mark were considered dependent variables. Results: The results of this study show that the class attendance and mid-term exam mark of students in the two groups (flipped method and traditional method) are statistically significant at a 5% level of significance (class attendance t =15.54, p = 0.00, <0.05, mid-term exam mark, t =17.83, p = 0.00, <0.05). The classroom class attendance and mid-term exam mark for the students in the flipped method group (class attendance: mean score 89.62, mid-term exam mark: mean score 20.58) were significantly greater than that of the traditional method group (class attendance: mean score 49.22, mid-term exam mark: mean score 8.54). Limitations: In this study, only 100 students’ data was collected from two reputed colleges in Dhaka city, consequently the results obtained from this study may not represent the overall context. Contribution: These two statistical results indicate the flipped classroom approach is better than the traditional approach. Thus, applying flipped classroom model to teaching keeps students engaged in a variety of activities before/in/after class, increased learning interest, and reduces student absenteeism. Novelty: The method applied in this study has opened new horizons instead of the long-standing conventional idea in the field of education.