Psychosocial Risk Factors and Negative Emotionality in Early Childhood: Mothers' Perspective Based on a nationally representative study of parents, this study examines risk factors for mothers' perceptions of young children's negative emotionality, focusing the role of mothers' educational resources and related psychosocial risk factors. Participants were 7,311 mothers with children below age 48 month. Mothers' perception of child emotionality was assessed through two factors, irritability and defiance. Findings from regression analyses showed a stable negative relationship between maternal education and perceived defiance of the child. Although this effect was partly mediated by further psychosocial risk factors, lower education was consistently related with higher perceived defiance. Perceived irritability, in contrast, was not affected by mother's education. Further analyses showed age-specific effects (stronger effects for younger children) as well as a predictive value of mothers' perceptions regarding the occurrence of child abuse or neglect. The results are discussed in the context of early prevention programs in Germany, emphasizing the relevance of identifying risk-groups and offering early and multidimensional prevention.

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