Background: In low and middle-income countries, 95% of postpartum women want to avoid a pregnancy for 2 years, but 70% are not using contraception. Delay in use of contraception by couples during postpartum period can result in many unwanted pregnancies. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is ideal for postpartum women. Therefore this study aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with LARC use among postpartum women. Methods: Facility based cross sectional study was conducted from July 23-Aug 25, 2018. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to recruit a total of 381 women in extended postpartum period visiting Child Immunization service in hosanna health institutions. Pretested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done. The presence and strength of association was determined using AOR with its 95% CI. Variables with P value less than 0.05 were considered as statistical significant. Results: The prevalence of LARC use was 36.5% (95%CI (33.05-39.95)). The main reason for not using LARC was fear of side effect and false information. Previous use of LARC (AOR=3.3, 95%CI (1.7-6.5)) and have ever discussed with health providers on LARC (AOR=2.5, 95%CI (1.1-5.74)) were found to be significantly associated with LARC use. Conclusions: the utilization of LARC among postpartum women was found to be high in this study. Increase women’s access to realistic information on LARC, mainly on IUCD, both at community and health institution level need to be emphasized to enhance its uptake.

Background Despite being one of the few cancers that can be prevented with simple testing, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. HIV-positive women showed a median three-fold higher incidence of cervical lesions. Aim This study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with precancerous cervical lesions among HIV-infected women attending care and treatment clinic in selected hospitals of Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to July 30, 2018. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select 454 HIV-infected women. Pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and medical record review were used for data collection. Visual inspection with Acetic acid was done for participants to detect precancerous cervical lesions. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were done. The presence and strength of association were determined using AOR with its 95% CI. Variables with a P value of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results The prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion was 18.7% [95% CI; (15.1–22.4%)]. Currently, not being on highly active antiretroviral treatment [AOR= 2.31, 95% CI: 1.23–4.39], age (20–29 years) [AOR= 0.185, 95% CI: 0.036,0.939], has no history of sexually transmitted infection [AOR=0.026, 95% CI: 0.006–0.116], has no history of genital wart [AOR= 0.261, 95% CI: 0.073–0.934] and having one lifetime sexual partner [AOR=0.133, 95% CI: 0.024–0.726] were found to be significantly associated with precancerous cervical lesion. Conclusion The prevalence of Precancerous Cervical lesion was found to be high in this study. Expansion of screening services and undertaking preventive measures against sexually transmitted infection need to be emphasized.

Background Preterm birth is defined as the birth of a baby before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Worldwide, prematurity is the second foremost cause of death in children under the age of 5 years. Preterm birth also gives rise to short and long term complications. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with preterm birth in Wachemo University Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial referral hospital, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from July 01, 2018 to June 30, 2019 among mothers who gave birth in Wachemo University Nigest Eleni Mohammed Memorial referral hospital. A retrospective one-year data was retrieved from medical records of mothers with their index neonates. Simple random sampling technique was employed to recruit study participants. SPSS version 20 software was used for data entry and computing statistical analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association of each independent variable with the dependent variable. Odds ratio with their 95% confidence intervals was computed to identify the presence and strength of association, and statistical significance was affirmed if p < 0.05. Result The current study evaluated 213 medical records of mothers with index neonates (71 cases and 142 controls). Urban residency [AOR = 0.48; 95% Cl; 0.239, 0.962], antenatal care follow up [AOR = 0.08; 95 Cl; 0.008, 0.694], premature rupture of membranes [AOR = 3.78; 95% Cl; 1.467, 9.749], pregnancy induced hypertension [AOR = 3.77; 95% Cl; 1.408, 10.147] and multiple pregnancies [AOR = 5.53; 95% Cl; 2.467, 12.412] were the factors associated with preterm birth. More than one-third (36.6%) preterm neonates died in the present study. Conclusions The present study found that urban residency, antenatal care follow up, premature rupture of membranes, pregnancy induced hypertension and multiple pregnancies were factors associated with preterm birth. The mortality among preterm neonates is high. Enhancing antenatal care follow up and early detection and treatment of disorders among pregnant women during antenatal care and undertaking every effort to improve outcomes of preterm birth and reduce neonatal mortality associated with prematurity is decisive.

Background In low and middle-income countries, 95% of postpartum women want to avoid a pregnancy for 2 years, but 70% are not using contraception. Delay in use of contraception by couples during postpartum period can result in many unwanted pregnancies. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is ideal for postpartum women. Therefore this study aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with LARC use among postpartum women. Methods Facility based cross sectional study was conducted from July 23-Aug 25, 2018. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to recruit a total of 381 women in extended postpartum period visiting Child Immunization service in hosanna health institutions. Pretested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis was done. The presence and strength of association was determined using AOR with its 95% CI. Variables with P value less than 0.05 were considered as statistical significant. Results The prevalence of LARC use was 36.5% (95%CI (33.05–39.95)). The main reason for not using LARC was fear of side effect and false information. Previous use of LARC (AOR = 3.3, 95%CI (1.7–6.5)) and have ever discussed with health providers on LARC (AOR = 2.5, 95%CI (1.1–5.74)) were found to be significantly associated with LARC use. Conclusions The utilization of LARC among postpartum women was found to be higher than other studies in Ethiopia. Provision of effective contraceptive counseling during Antenatal, delivery and postnatal care services with emphasis on LARC/Postpartum Intra-Uterine Device is important.

Low awareness about cervical cancer and poor screening practice are some of the contributing factors for the high burden of cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to assess comprehensive knowledge towards cervical cancer and associated factors among reproductive age women visiting Durame General Hospital. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis was done. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% CI was used to determine the presence and strength of associations between independent and outcome variable. Variables with p value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Among the 237 women enrolled, more than half (55.7%) have ever heard about cervical cancer. Health professionals were major source of information. Half of respondents (51.5%) had good knowledge towards cervical cancer. Urban residence ( AOR = 2.28 , 95% CI (1.19-4.35)), having formal employment ( AOR = 2.92 , 95% CI (1.53-5.59)), and knowing someone with cervical cancer ( AOR = 5.21 , 95% CI (2.32-11.71)) were found to have significant association with good knowledge towards cervical cancer. The comprehensive knowledge of women towards cervical cancer was found to be insufficient. Provision of community-based health education with health professionals needs to be emphasized.