Human Norovirus belong to family Calciviridae, it was identified in the outbreak of gastroenteritis in Norwalk, due to its seasonal prevalence known as "winter vomiting disease".Treatment of Norovirus infection is still mysterious because there is no effective antiviral drugs or vaccine developed to protect against the infection, to eradicate the infection an effective vaccine should be developed. In this study capsid protein (A7YK10), small protein (A7YK11) and polyprotein (A7YK09) were utilized. These proteins were subjected to B and T cell epitopes prediction by using reliable immunoinformatics tools. The antigenic and non-allergenic epitopes were selected for subunit vaccine, which can activate cellular and humoral immune responses.Linkers joined these epitopes together. The vaccine structure was modelled and validated by using Errat, ProSA and rampage servers. The modelled vaccine was docked with TLR-7.Stability of the docked complex was evaluated by MD simulation. In order to apply the concept in a wet lab, the reverse translated vaccine sequence was cloned in pET28a (+). The vaccine developed in this study requires experimental validation to ensure its effectiveness against the disease.

Background: Numerous cross-sectional epidemiological studies on the incidence of workplace epicondylitis have generally, but not always, revealed a higher risk of the ailment in relation with strenuous manual tasks. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore. The data was acquired from chefs who worked in different restaurants. The research used a Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation as its survey method (PRTEE). Participants also received a consent form and a questionnaire. A different T-test was applied. In order to analyses the data, SPSS version 25 was used. Results: Among the 136 participants, 29 (21.3%) were women, and 107 (78.7%) were men. The frequency and proportion of participants' dominant hands are shown on this graph: 48/136 (35.3%) and 88/136 (64.7%) of the 136 people had left hands. 32/136 (23.5) of the participants reported their level of discomfort while at rest, while 52/136 (38.2) reported mild pain and 20/136 (14.7) reported severe pain. While making repetitive arm motions, 161/136 (11.8) respondents reported no pain, 50/136 (36.8) minor discomfort, 59/136 (43.4) moderate discomfort, and 11/136 (8.1) severe discomfort. Only six out of 136 respondents (4.4%) said they weren't uncomfortable, as opposed to the 53 (39.0%), 57 (41.9%), and 20 (14.7%) who claimed carrying a plastic bag caused them slight to severe pain. According to this graph, participants who experienced the least amount of pain reported no pain in 32/136 (23.5) cases, mild discomfort in 7/136 (5.1) cases, moderate pain in 66/136 (48.5) cases, and severe pain in 38/136 (27.9) cases. Using a doorknob or key caused 90/136 (66.2%) people no pain, 22/136 (16.2%) moderate pain, 22/136 (16.2% discomfort), and 7/136 (5.1%) severe pain, according to this graph. This study was conducted to create the awareness in chef to avoid from risk factors of epicondylitis. Conclusion: As a result, it was established that chefs experienced pain on the lateral side of either their dominant right hand or left hand for a variety of reasons. Repetitive motions, recreational activities, and housework are all causes. On the lateral side of their right hand, which is more frequent in women, they experience a small stiffness. Keywords: Patients' Evaluation of Tennis Elbow, Lateral Epicondylitis, and Myotendinosis (PRTEE).

No abstract