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Although much research on organization-public relationship (OPR) has been conducted in public relations, negative relational features have been researched less extensively. It is imperative to identify negative relational components for restoring the damaged relationships between organization and publics and to understand how negative OPR (NOPR) can hamper public relations efforts. This study focused on exploring dimensions of NOPR through a systematic scale development process. In this study, four dimensions of NOPR-dissatisfaction, distrust, control dominance, and dissolution-were identified and the twenty-two-item scale was statistically reliable and valid. It was also shown that NOPR influenced Public's Communication Behavior (PCB).

In this study, the concept of forgiveness was proposed as an outcome variable to crisis management, and relationships among message appeals, causal attributions, and forgiveness were investigated. A 2 (causal attributions: internal vs. external) × 2 (message appeals: information-centered vs. emotion-centered) between-subjects design experimental study was conducted. The two types of causal attributions had significant main effects, and the different types of causal attributions and message appeals had interaction effects on forgiveness. This suggests the importance of selectively determining message appeals based on the public's perception of causal attributions during a crisis.A growing number of organizations have been experiencing a wide range of crises because of the increasingly complex society in which they operate. 1 Communication researchers have made substantial efforts to identify the most effective communication strategies that could help organizations address diverse types of crisis situations. 2

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