ancillary services are taken into account. To investigate these problems, two different models were developed. A base model only considering optimization in the spot market was also developed for a comparison of the results. d Dayd D Number of days h Hourh H Number of hours PQ-cut index i I Number ofPQ-cut indices r Reservoir r R Number of reservoirs s Station s S Number of stations u Unitu U Number of units at station sTABLE III. VARIABLES II. NOMENCLATUREAbstract-This paper studies optimal bidding strategies for a hydropower producer in a day-ahead market and different regulation markets. It contains two case studies, analyzing the optimal production pattern considering a pre-spot situation taking different regulation markets into account. Both the optimal bid structure between the spot market and the primary regulation market in Switzerland as well as the spot market and the secondary regulation market in Norway were investigated. Models regarding both case studies were built, and the consistency of the analysis over an entire year was tested. The results illustrate how a small change in the utilization of the watercourse can be very lucrative when considering an additional regulation market, and discusses the importance of correctly calculated water values and profit factors with such ancillary services present.

This paper explores the possibilities of shifting certain household consumer-based loads in time, to reduce unnecessary load peaks to the grid which again can cause challenges for Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Historical measured data on household consumption and the consumption profile of certain household appliances (dishwashers, washing machines and dryers) that can be shiftable in time are being used in an optimization model to investigate the potential that shifting these loads may have on the overall grid consumption of aggregated groups of households. The results indicate that such a model is a viable approach to effectively lower the peak load with respect to these appliances, even with consumer behavior and the inconvenience to perform these shifts accounted for. However, the contribution of the considered household appliances is arguably modest with respect to the total load of the household.