This article presents four detailed case studies of sixteenth-century vernacular translations of Sacrobosco's De sphaera. Previous scholarship has highlighted the important role of Sacrobosco's Sphere in medieval and early modern universities, where it served as an introductory astronomy text. We argue that the Sphere was more than a university teaching text. It was translated many times and was accessible to a wide range of people. The popularity of the Sphere suggests widespread interest in cosmological questions. We suggest that the text was a profitable one for early modern printers, who strove to identify books that would be reliable sellers. We also argue that the Sphere was not a static text. Rather, translators and editors added commentaries and other supplemental material that corrected and updated Sacrobosco's original text and

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In late 1952 or early 1953, a man from California travelled between Edmonton and Vancouver with Trans Canada Air Lines, now Air Canada. He had such a miserable time that he left a comment card behind after his flight, complaining: "Today's flight from Edmonton to Vancouver was so blame cold...62 degrees is not fit for man or beast. On the other hand, it apparently was OK for the Canadians (no slur intended)...I should have worn woolen sox, heavy underwear, and a sweater. The least you could do would be to warn us...of your frigid intentions, so we could prepare for the ordeal. Other than that, the flight was fine. You have excellent pilots and capable Stewardesses (but probably cold-hearted)." 1

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