ObjectiveTo assess the trends in visits, overall and by age, to urban and non-urban emergency departments (EDs), and visits resulting in admission to hospital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using a large regional database.SettingA large regional database of 28 EDs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan, with an index case of 11 March 2020 and peak in the first week of April.ParticipantsED visits during the first 5 months of the calendar year were included and compared with the previous year. Facilities where these participants were seen were classified as urban or non-urban, with comparisons of total visits, COVID-like cases, paediatric and trauma.Outcome measuresDaily visits to EDs of patients presenting with COVID-like symptoms, trauma, age patterns and total cases, and stratified between urban and non-urban settings.ResultsThere were 1 732 852 visits across the 2 years, 953 407 between study and comparison periods, and 457 130 visits defined as COVID-like (median age 44 years). Total ED visits decreased to 48% of the previous year, showing a delayed-inverse relationship with COVID-19. Trauma cases dropped but returned to the pre-COVID-19 rate by the end of May in Urban centres. Paediatric cases decreased to 20% of the previous year by the end of April. The oldest age groups showed the least change in ED visits in response to the pandemic.ConclusionsThis large US Midwestern state study describes a dramatic decrease in ED visits after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan, including stratification by varying ages and trauma, demonstrating the tangible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban and non-urban EDs.

Cell membranes are largely composed of glycerophospholipids (PL) that create a barrier and separate intracellular aqueous environments. PL are heterogeneous, amphipathic lipids containing a glycerol backbone. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, our previous work found that 108 different PL structural species were maintained at consistent relative abundance. Our aim is to understand the molecular mechanisms that maintain and regulate PL species abundance. The distribution of acyl chains in PL may be controlled by the activity and substrate specificity of acyltransferases which use an acyl‐CoA substrate to attach a hydrocarbon chain to an acceptor's hydroxyl group via an ester bond. In S. cerevisiae, at least 11 characterized acyltransferases contribute to PL metabolism. One, PSI1p, which esterifies 1‐hydroxy‐2‐acyl phosphatidylinositol with stearoyl‐CoA, has an uncharacterized paralog, YDR018c. Determining the acyl acceptor for YDR018c will likely clarify mechanisms for PL homeostasis in S. cerevisiae and provide a functional precedent for its most similar human homologs, 1‐acyl‐3‐glycerophosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT) 3 and 4. Since Psi1p has been shown to utilize an acyl acceptor with a large head group, inositol, it is possible that YDR018c utilizes a similar acyl acceptor.Since work by others and our lab did not identify a PL phenotype for haploid S. cerevisiae harboring a targeted deletion of YDR018c, loss of its function may be masked by the activity of other acyltransferases. To address this, we have made compound, targeted gene deletions of YDR018c, PSI1 and combinations of glycerol‐3‐phosphate O‐acyltransferases (GPATs; GAT1 or GAT2) and AGPATs (SLC1 or LPT1). Growth phenotype assays, including temperature sensitivity and providing various metabolic stresses, are ongoing to identify physiological changes in the compound deletion strains. Phospholipidome analysis, after culturing the strains in conditions shown to elicit a growth phenotype, will follow so to identify the absence or loss of specific PL species in conjunction with YDR018c deletion.Support or Funding InformationThis project was supported by the 2018 Summer Undergraduate Research Experience (SURE) Program from the University of Michigan‐Dearborn's Office of Research and Sponsored Programs (ORSP).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.