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Relatively little is known about how hydration status is affected when increasing fluid ingestion with various beverages. Purpose: To investigate the hydration status of healthy, free‐living males when given varying volumes of different beverage types. Methods: 36 males (age 24±5 y; mass 75.1±11.4 kg) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups for 2 weeks of testing: water only, water+cola, water+diet cola, or water+cola+diet cola+orange juice. Volumes of fluid were split evenly between beverages within each 24‐h treatment period. 24‐h fluid ingestion (including fluid in food) for weeks 1 and 2 was 35 and 40 ml/kg body mass, respectively. Serum osmolality (Osmserum), total body water (TBW) via bioelectrical impedance, 24‐h Osmurine and volume (Volurine) were analyzed after 24‐h of intervention. Results: Total beverage consumption independent of treatment, increased from week 1 to 2 (1721±384 to 2096±437 ml; P <.05). Independent of week there were no hydration differences between treatments (P >.05). Independent of treatment increasing fluid intake did not change TBW (43.7±5.5 vs 43.5±5.2 kg), Osmserum (292±4 vs 293±5 mOsm), Osmurine (599±221 vs 561±217 mOsm) or Volurine (1526±624 vs 1621±651 ml) (P >.05). Conclusion: Regardless of fluid volume or beverage type consumed, 24‐h hydration status did not differ. This suggests that fluid contained in various beverages is equally effective in hydrating the body. Grant Funding Source: Funded by The Coca‐Cola Company

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remarked that the tanker cleaning berth had been built in very unusual and difficult circumstances, including ground which precluded ordinary piling, and the rough waters of the Mersey with a fierce tide. Naturally these circumstances called for an ingenious design and it was obvious that a great deal of time and thought had been devoted to it.48. There was a certain difference in the general character of the various parts of the work and some parts were particularly elegant. The mooring dolphins, for example, were very simple and straightforward and were attractive from the first glance, and the approach also was a nice clean job. On the other hand, the berthing head suffered because since its construction or design there had been a number of developments in this type of structure. However, even taking the state of the art as it had been at the time of their design, he thought that the Authors might give a little more assurance that the choice of the tubular structure and in particular the method of jointing had been the happiest available.49. The spherical joints with their bolted connexions looked rather clumsy and they would certainly appear to be very expensive, particularly when compared with the type of structure used in the oil industry and which had, at the time when the Authors' structure had been built, been used in the Gulf of Mexico for a number of years. In this design the tubular members were joined directly together by mitres and welds. It was true that the ends of the tubes had to be mitred by a special machine so that they fitted neatly together, and it might be that at the time when the Authors' structure was designed such a machine had not been available in this country. However, it would have been worth while searching the world for a means of avoiding the use of these cast steel junctions. He understood that all the joints were bolted, and perhaps the Authors would explain how they had been protected against corrosion and whether any regular or routine maintenance was called for on them. 50. Coming to another aspect of the berthing heads, namely the securing of the foundations, it might be asked whether it was really necessary to make the concrete blocks at the foot of the structures. Would not it have been possible to anchor them directly to the rock? In other parts of the work such ingenuity had been shown in drilling into the rock and anchoring down that he felt that that technique might have been extended a little to cover this point.51. It might be only fair to say that if this structure were being built today presumably it would have been rather different. Since it had been built it had become possible to drill in the large tubes much more readily than at that time, and he imagined that the berthing heads if built today would consist of flexible Mannesman DISCUSSION ON SOME FEATURES OF THE CIVILtubes against which the ship would berth, with, in between the two, a comparatively simple platform carrying the crane. The Authors might like to comment on that; he was sure that they would...