Osteoporosis is a pressing concern facing public health, thus making research into the effects of nutrients on bone health particularly important. Evidence from preclinical studies using animal models and a limited number of studies in human suggests that olive oil (OO) is a protective agent for bone. The aim of this work is to study the effects of virgin olive oil (VOO) consumption by ovariectomized rats on bone health. A total of 48 6-month-old female Wistar rats weighing 320 ± 10 g (mean ± SD) were divided into the following groups: SHAM (n = 12), simulated intervention; OVX (n = 12), ovariectomized; OVX + 100 (n = 12), ovariectomized and treated with VOO (100 µL/day by oral gavage); and OVX + 200 (n = 12) ovariectomized and treated with VOO (200 µL/day by oral gavage), all over 3 months. Femoral (F) and lumbar (L) bone mineral density (FBMD and LBMD), microtomographic parameters, fractal dimension D2D and D3D, and biomechanical properties were studied. After 3 months of VOO treatment, although FBMD and LBMD were not affected, bone quality was improved, as the elasticity of bone and fractal dimension (complexity of bone) were more similar to healthy bone. Our results support the findings of previous research suggesting that dietary intake of olive oil may exert beneficial effect on some bone characteristics.

Introduction: Quantifying total blood 25 (OH) vitamin D is the most accurate marker of an individual's vitamin D status. The gold standard technique for measurement is liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), although currently clinical laboratories tend to use chemiluminescence techniques. The objective of this study was to compare 25 (OH) vitamin D concentrations obtained by two commercially-produced automated methods and study the correlation of these methods with the LC-MS/MS reference technique. Material and methods: The 25(OH) vitamin D levels were quantified in 1,000 serum samples from the Jimenez Diaz Biochemistry Foundation Laboratory using 2 automated methods for chemiluminescence detection: ADVIA CENTAURO ® (SIEMENS) and LUMIPULSE ® G1200 (Fujirebio). Among all the samples tested, the 50 most discordant to each other were sent to be evaluated by LC-MS/MS reference technique. Results: The results indicate that there is good correlation between the two methods: CCI=0.923 (0.914-0.932), with the G1200 LUMIPULSE ® values 10% being higher than CENTAURO ®. Regarding the 50 samples selected, we can see that there is a good correlation between the two immunoassays with LC-MS/MS, although both methods significantly underestimate 25 (OH) vitamin D results with respect to the gold standard. Discussion: Although both techniques are suitable for use, it is worth considering whether the worldwide vitamin D deficiency epidemic is due to the analysis methodology used. This variability between immunoassays could be solved by standardizing the different commercial techniques in line with NISTproduced reference materials.

Objetive: A series of studies in the literature indicate that the incidence of osteoporosis and associated fractures is lower in countries where the Mediterranean diet is predominant. Olive oil is characteristic of the Mediterranean diet, a third of the intake of vegetable fats. We carried out an extensive review of studies showing that the ingestion of olive oil, both in experimental animals, especially ovariectomized rats, and in humans, produces positive actions on the bone. The effects of different components of virgin olive oil such as oleuropein, a phenolic compound, and other phenolic alcohols such as tyrosol and hydrotyrosol have been reviewed. Oleuropein not only exerts actions on the bone of ovariectomized rats, but also enhances the formation of osteoblasts and decreases the formation of "osteoclast-like" cells. The phenolic compounds in olive oil exert anti-oxidant actions in vitro and in vivo. Tyrosol and hydrotyrosol exert actions on bone loss in ovariectomized rats and inhibit dose-dependent osteoclast formation. Our group's research has shown that virgin olive oil also exerts actions on the biomechanical parameters of the bone such as Young's modulus and fractal dimension in ovariectomized rats. The results of this review indicate that olive oil has a positive action on bone health. Its components have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus they are potential candidates for preventing osteoporosis.

Objetive: Bazedoxifene is a 3 rd generation SERM with agonistic effects on the bones, uterus and breast tissue. Our goal has been to study the effects of bazedoxifene on bone quality of an experimental group of ovariectomized rats. Material and methods: 3 groups of 15 6-month-old Wistar female rats were used: a control group, a group of untreated ovariectomized rats and a group of ovariectomized rats treated with bazedoxifene (0.33 mg/kg/day). After 8 months we studied the lumbar and femur bone densitometry, the microtomographic parameters, the biochemical markers for bone remodelling and the bone biomechanical parameters. Results: The ovariectomy depleted the femur and lumbar bone density. After receiving bazedoxifene, the lumbar bone density showed partial healing. Bone remodelling increased recovering bazedoxifene formation levels. Bazedoxifene promoted the recovery of the bone volume fraction (BV/TV), the bone surface density (BS/BV), the trabecular number (Tb.N), the trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp), the trabecular pattern factor (Tb.Pf) and the structural model index (SMI). The cortical surface increased after the ovariectomy and returned to normal levels with the administration of bazedoxifene. The maximum deformation showed before the ovariectomy was also restored, partially cushioning the ovariectomized rats' weight gain. Conclusions: Our study has shown bazedoxifene positive results on bone quality. This specific drug could be particularly suitable for young postmenopausal women suffering or at risk of suffering osteoporosis.

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