The apparent contact angle on a rough surface is usually modeled by either Cassie's or Wenzel's theory.
We show, on the basis of experimental evidence, that there can be two contact angles on the same rough
surface, depending on how a drop is formed. A transition can occur between the different states by an
external disturbance. This paper compares the theoretical prediction with matching experiments. This
leads to the establishment of a design criterion for a robust hydrophobic rough surface on which the
apparent contact angle will not change as a result of an external disturbance.
The discovery of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) (i.e., biologically active proteins that do not possess stable secondary and/or tertiary structures) came as an unexpected surprise, as the existence of such proteins is in contradiction to the traditional "sequence→structure→function" paradigm. Accurate prediction of a protein's predisposition to be intrinsically disordered is a necessary prerequisite for the further understanding of principles and mechanisms of protein folding and function, and is a key for the elaboration of a new structural and functional hierarchy of proteins. Therefore, prediction of IDPs has attracted the attention of many researchers, and a number of prediction tools have been developed. Predictions of disorder, in turn, are playing major roles in directing laboratory experiments that are leading to the discovery of ever more disordered proteins, and thereby leading to a positive feedback loop in the investigation of these proteins. In this review of algorithms for intrinsic disorder prediction, the basic concepts of various prediction methods for IDPs are summarized, the strengths and shortcomings of many of the methods are analyzed, and the difficulties and directions of future development of IDP prediction techniques are discussed.
Recent advances in the structure–property relationship decipherment and luminescent functional materials development of AIE-active siloles are reviewed.
PBL-corrected heated gas and equilibrated gas calibrations in bellows and micro-volume modes are nearly identical and stable through time. Introduction of the PBL correction, a revision to the absolute reference frame approach to determining Δ(47) values, dramatically improves the external precision of Δ(47) measurements to near instrumental analytical uncertainty (6-8 ppm (1σ) in bellows mode; 10-12 ppm in micro-volume mode).
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