A surface modification method was carried out by reactive DC magnetron sputtering to fabricate TiO(2) electrodes coated with insulating MgO for dye-sensitized solar cells. The MgO-coated TiO(2) electrode had been characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectrophotometer, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The study results revealed that the TiO(2) modification increases dye adsorption, decreases trap states and suppresses interfacial recombination. The effects of sputtering MgO for different times on the performance of DSSCs were investigated. It indicated that sputtering MgO for 3 min on TiO(2) increases all cell parameters, resulting in increasing efficiency from 6.45% to 7.57%.

A surface modification method was carried out by rf magnetron sputtering to fabricate ZnO-coated TiO2 electrodes (TiO2∕ZnO) for improving the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. The TiO2∕ZnO electrodes had been characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometer, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The study results revealed that the TiO2 modification suppresses interfacial recombination. Sputtering ZnO for 3min on 5μm TiO2 greatly improves all cell parameters, resulting in increasing efficiency from 4.76% to 6.55%.

There were significant respiratory hazards among earthquake SRWs. The persistent symptoms and low coverage of training warrant further regular examination and occupational health programmes.

Corn cob-like LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode material was simply synthesized through hydrothermal method using block copolymer (PEG-PPG-PEG) as the surfactant. The influence of pH value and reaction time on the morphology of LFP has been briefly investigated. The presence of copolymer plays an important role in the construction of the hierarchically microstructures. By adjusting the pH value and reaction time, platelet-like, hexagram-like, porous spindle-like and corn cob-like LFP microstructures were obtained. To gain the cell performance of the synthesized LFP, galvanostatic charging-discharging measurement on the as-prepared samples were performed. The porous spindle-like LFP/C shows unexpected electrochemical performance since the spindle-like LFP have large structure which prevents access for the liquid electrolyte. Corn cob-like LFP/C exhibits the best electrochemical performance, discharge specific capacities of 120 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles with capacity retention ratios of 80% at 0.1 C. This work also provides the possibility for further investigation into the shape-dependent electrochemical performance of other materials by optimizing the experimental parameters during hydrothermal synthesis.