Tube hydroforming is an advanced technology for the manufacturing of lightweight components with complex shape. The forming results can be usually improved if axial feeding at the tube ends is enabled. For very long parts, however, due to the high friction forces acting at high pressure in the feeding zone between tube and die, no material movement towards the expansion area occurs. The tube is only upset in the feeding zone, no compressive stresses take place in the expansion area and the forming results are not satisfactory. This can be avoided by eliminating friction and by inducing additional tangential stresses in axial direction on the tube surface of the feeding area. This paper presents the investigations performed in this direction by using a high viscous fluid flowing along the internal and external surface of the tube. The flow helps to reduce the friction force and allows the sliding between the tube and the tool surface. Experimental tests of tube upsetting under pressure will show the effects of the medium flow on the thickening of the tube wall. Not only increased sliding and homogeneous thickening will be obtained, but even an increase of the wall thickness in the area close to the expansion zone will be shown. This effect is even stronger when the yield stress in the expansion zone is reduced by means of a previous local heat treatment.

To solve the problem of tension stress caused by centrifugal force and caused by high-speed operation of permanent magnet (PM) rotor, a FeCo-based PM rotor structure model is proposed. Based on the thick-walled cylinder theory, the uniform analytical calculation formulas of strain field, displacement field, and stress field of high-speed permanent magnet rotor are derived, and the stresses of FeCo-based PM and sleeve are obtained. The correctness of analytical calculation method (ACM) is verified by finite element method (FEM). Based on the derived analytical formula, the influence of static interference, sleeve thickness, rotating shaft, and PM thermal expansion coefficient on the strength of high-speed permanent magnet rotor is analyzed, and the mechanical design law of high-speed permanent magnet rotor is summarized. Alloy sleeves are usually fitted outside the high-speed permanent magnet rotor to protect the PM from damage. In order to ensure safe operation of PM rotor under hot rotating conditions, strength calculation and check of sleeve and PM must be carried out. Based on the characteristics of slender structure of high-speed rotor, a high-speed permanent magnet motor (HSPMM) with a rated power of 100 kW and a rated speed of 18,000 r/min was produced, and a continuous operation test was carried out to verify the validity of the above theoretical analysis.

Pulse width modulation current harmonics and space harmonics are some of the major factors affecting the rotor eddy current loss of the high-speed permanent magnet motor. In this study, based on the principle of the equivalent current sheet, a two-dimensional motor model in a rectangular coordinate system was established. Considering the armature reaction, the end effect, and the current harmonics generated by variable frequency power supply, the eddy current loss of the rotor at different frequencies was analyzed and calculated using the analytical and finite element methods (FEM). When the frequency is between 200 Hz and 600 Hz, the variation trend of the rotor eddy current loss with a frequency obtained by analytical calculation and FEM analysis is roughly the same, and the error is still within a reasonable range. However, as the frequency continues to increase, the error between the two becomes larger and larger. Furthermore, based on the two-dimensional FE model, the influence of the sleeve material, the thickness, and the composite structure on the rotor eddy current loss were studied and analyzed. It was found that adding a graphene shielding layer between the permanent magnet and the sleeve can effectively shield the harmonic magnetic field, greatly reduce the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet, and effectively prevent the temperature of the permanent magnet from being too high, which is conducive to the continuous and stable operation of the high-speed permanent magnet motor.

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Aiming at the influence of eccentric faults on the performance of synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM), the distribution characteristics and change rules of dynamic electromagnetic force before and after eccentric faults of SynRM were studied. A dynamic electromagnetic force calculation model combining eccentric fault finite element method and Maxwell tensor method is established under the influence of magnetic saturation. The dynamic electro-magnetic forces before and after the eccentric fault of the rotor surface, rotor magnetic ribs, and stator tooth wall are calculated, and the differences in the electromagnetic force distribution are analyzed in detail. The analysis methods and results of electromagnetic force provide a reference for the design and structure optimization of SynRM, and it also presents a theoretical guarantee for the smooth and orderly operation of SynRM.