Survey evidence suggests that Vladimir Putin's legitimacy rests on three pillars: domestic order, economic prosperity, and the demonstration of great power status internationally. This is problematic inasmuch as it is based on high degrees of personal popularity which inhibits and contravenes the legal-rational legitimacy of state institutions. This requires continued delivery in all three areas in order to maintain the legitimacy of the regime. This framework allows us better to interpret the 2014 Ukraine crisis as an attempt to shore up support in one 'pillar' as performance-based legitimacy recedes.
The stereotypes we have about 'Others' in our midst frame our way of thinking about those we think are different to us but also how we think about our peers. Bo Petersson discusses a range of negative images, from the mundane and seemingly innocent images of the 'Other', to scapegoat and enemy images that may form the ground for hostile action towards the 'Other'. He draws on examples from political practices in the Russia-Chechnya conflict and from seemingly banal media discourse about immigrants in Sweden.
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