No abstract

We evaluated the behaviors of anesthesiologists during induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Contacts with surfaces occurred a mean (±standard error) of 154.8 ± 7.7 and 60 ± 3.1 times per hour during induction and maintenance, respectively (P < .0001). Hand hygiene events were 1.8 ± 0.27 per hour during induction versus 1.19 ± 0.27 during maintenance (P = .018).

Objective: Targeted parent interventions are known to improve outcomes in pediatric pain, but systematic delivery of this type of training for parents is a challenge. The Comfort Ability Program (CAP) is a well-established, manualized intervention, delivered in a single-day intensive workshop format that includes 6 hr of parent training. The primary goal of this article is to systematically evaluate the impact of the parent training arm of this program on parent expectations and outcomes. Method: A sample of parents who attended CAP (n = 130) and a control sample (n = 74) completed self-report questionnaires at baseline, 30, and 90 days after baseline. Separately, a sample of parents attending CAP (n = 537) completed quality improvement (QI) assessments evaluating pretreatment expectations and posttreatment perceived benefits. Results: Preliminary linear mixed model analysis indicate parents who attended CAP demonstrated significant reductions in pain catastrophizing (PCS; b-estimate = -2.57, SE = 1.1, p , .05) and improvements in pain self-efficacy (PSES, b-estimate = À2.14, SE = .63; p , .01) as compared with controls. Parent over protectiveness (ARCS) and parent-report of child pain severity (PPST) did not differ between groups. Coding of parents' qualitative assessments suggest that parents who attend CAP are actively seeking skills-based training. Postintervention, parents report immediate benefit from an array of program-specific targets, including how to construct a plan for a child's return to function, social support, and pain neuroscience education. Conclusion: Parents who attend CAP demonstrate significant changes in research-identified parenting practices over time as compared to controls. Additionally, parent report of posttreatment benefit extends beyond pretreatment expectations (i.e., skills training) to include social support and pain education.