Basketball coaches often refer to their teams' success or failure as a product of their players' performances at the free-throw line. In the present study, play-by-play records of 490 NCAA Division I men's basketball games were analyzed to assess the percentage of points scored from free-throws at various stages of the games. About 20% of all points were scored from free-throws. Free-throws comprised a significantly higher percentage of total points scored during the last 5 minutes than the first 35 minutes of the game for both winning and losing teams. Also, in the last 5 minutes of 246 games decided by 9 points or less and 244 decided by 10 points or more, winners scored a significantly higher percentage of points from free-throws than did losers. Suggestions for structuring practice conditions are discussed.

This study investigates the differences between field-based odor assessment methods that may be used to discriminate odors from livestock and food processing facilities. Field olfactometers have been praised for their low cost ($500 -$1200) and portability but criticized for their lack of control of inhalation rates by different panelists, the discomfort of glass inhalation tubes and the odor fatigue caused by poor nasal sealing or removing the scentometer between samples as compared to laboratory dynamic, triangular forcedchoice olfactometers ($30,000). This study evaluated the variability of responses using these three field olfactometers compared to laboratory olfactometry, as well as field and lab odor intensity. Panel responses using laboratory dynamic, triangular force-choice olfactometry and Nasal Ranger field olfactometers were found to exhibit the least amount of variability across odor sources. Significant differences with poor correlation were found between field and laboratory odor intensity methods. Findings of this study should caution regulators, policy makers and investigators about establishing regulatory thresholds or reporting scientific data based on single odor analysis methods or techniques due to the variability in the performance of odor determination methods across the odorous sites investigated.

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