Adding surgery to chemoradiotherapy improves local tumor control but does not increase survival of patients with locally advanced esophageal SCC. Tumor response to induction chemotherapy identifies a favorable prognostic group within these high-risk patients, regardless of the treatment group.

No abstract

Surgery remains the only curative treatment option for cholangiocarcinoma (CC). Currently, both early identification of CC in affected individuals at high risk and accurate diagnosis of unexplained biliary strictures are problematic. However, growing insights into biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying biliary carcinogenesis have suggested serum and bile markers for the diagnosis of CC. These tools include tumor antigens or products (e.g., carbohydrate antigen [CA] 19-9), cytokines (e.g., interleukin-6), metabolic products (e.g., lactate), proteases (e.g., trypsinogen-2), regulatory peptides (e.g., pancreatic polypeptide), and (epi-)genetic lesions (e.g., K- ras and p53 mutations, p16 (INK4a) or p14 (ARF) promoter hypermethylation). In this article we discuss these new potential tumor markers for the diagnosis of CC.

No abstract

To improve GLS and HRLS in inflammatory bowel disease, both the treatment of bowel disease and medical and psychiatric comorbidity are necessary. Strengthening of social support is an additional way to promote GLS.