Background and Aims: Choledochoscopic gallbladder-preserving surgery（CGPS） has the advantage of treating benign gallbladder diseases on the premise of gallbladder preservation. However, it has no reliable preoperative diagnosis if the gallbladder is benign. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) can obtain real-time and clear endoscopic images at the cell level in vivo.It is widely used in the diagnosis of digestive system diseases，but not in gallbladder diseases yet. We applied these two technologies in a complementary way into the diagnosis of gallbladder diseases and thereby lifted the reliability of CGPS. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the total twenty-eight patients with the indication of CGPS with introparative pCLE scan referred to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College between October 2019 and July 2020. The intraoperative pCLE results were compared with the postoperative pathology in various gallbladder diseases. Results: We compared the intraoperative pCLE diagnosis with the postoperative pathological diagnosis, and found a complete match without exception in both sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: Based on our investigation, pCLE can provide the same accuracy as the tranditional pathology in the diagnosis of gallbladder diseases with the additional advantages like noninvasive, real-time, and instancy.This study serves to validate the correlation between CLE and histology. It holds a broad prospect in the application of pCLE as an intraoperative diagnosis in CGPS.

BACKGROUND In the last decade, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) has emerged as a new endoscopic imaging modality for real-time in vivo histological examination at the microscopic level. CLE has been shown to be useful for distinguishing benign and malignant lesions and has been widely used in many digestive diseases. In our study, we used CLE for the first time to examine the morphology of cholesterol polyps as well as the different parts of normal gallbladder mucosa. CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old woman was diagnosed by ultrasound with a polyp of 21 mm in the gallbladder wall. She consented to polyp removal by laparoscopic choledo-choscopy. During laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with choledochoscopic polyp resection, CLE was used to observe the morphology of the polyp surface cells. The appearance of the mucosa and microvessels in various parts of the gallbladder were also observed under CLE. Through comparison between postoperative pathology and intraoperative CLE diagnosis, the reliability of intraoperative CLE diagnosis was confirmed. CLE is a reliable method to examine living cell pathology during cholecystectomy. Based on our practice, CLE should be prioritized in the diagnosis of gallbladder polyps. CONCLUSION Compared with traditional histological examination, CLE has several advantages. We believe that CLE has great potential in this field.

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