Frontal bone trauma has an increasing incidence and prevalence due to the wide-scale use of personal mobility devices such as motorcycles, electric bicycles, and scooters. Usually, the patients are involved in high-velocity accidents and the resulting lesions could be life-threatening. Moreover, there are immediate and long-term aesthetic and functional deficits resulting from such pathology. The immediate complications range from local infections in the frontal sinus to infections propagating inside the central nervous system, or the presence of cerebrospinal fluid leaks and vision impairment. We review current trends and available guidelines regarding the management of cases with frontal bone trauma. Treatment options taken into consideration are a conservative attitude towards minor lesions or aggressive surgical management of complex fractures involving the anterior and posterior frontal sinus walls. We illustrate and propose different approaches in the management of cases with long-term complications after frontal bone trauma. The team attending to these patients should unite otorhinolaryngologists, neurosurgeons, ophthalmologists, and maxillofacial surgeons. Take-home message: Only such complex interdisciplinary teams of trained specialists can provide a higher standard of care for complex trauma cases and limit the possible exposure to further legal actions or even malpractice.

We present the case of a 41 years old patient with poor social status and previous facial trauma with a sharp object (wood branch) 2 years ago. Although it was performed the extraction of the branch in a local ENT department, the patient developed a fistula in the left genian region with the presence of puss. Two months ago the patient undergoes another head trauma leading to neurosurgery. CT scan raises the suspicion of a foreign body in the left maxillary sinus. We performed left maxillary sinus surgery through Caldwell-Luc approach with extraction of the foreign body and closure of the fistula. Surgical healing was optimal within 10 days. We analyze the medico-legal implications of such cases.

Midfacial trauma is never an immediate therapeutic emergency excepting cases with nasal bleeding and risk of aspiration or requiring a permeable airway that will allow intubation when appropriate. The patient with polytraumas and midfacial fractures who needs ear, nose, and throat (ENT) or oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgery should be reassessed at 24 and 48 hours to determine the optimal operating time. The surgical indication should be established according to esthetic and functional deficits. We consider that the optimal operative moment for the lesions of the midface is at 4-5 days after the trauma, under the conditions of a stable hemodynamic, respiratory, and afebrile patient. We propose the schematic presentation of the principles of diagnosis and treatment for midface trauma. We will discuss also some aspects of midfacial trauma during coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic conditions. We must assume every patient with polytrauma as a COVID-19-positive patient. So, it is necessary to have a special circuit for a suspect COVID-19 polytrauma patient between emergency room (ER) department, operating room, and intensive care unit (ICU). All medical team must wear high-level personal protective equipment (PPE) during emergency treatment of a craniofacial trauma in the context of polytrauma until we get the result of RT-PCR testing.

BACKGROUND. Odontogenic rhinosinusal suppurations have a high potential for major ocular-orbital and cerebral complications because of the presence of anaerobic bacteria flora, with continuity, contiguity and haematogenous propagation mechanisms. This pathology is often diagnosed in other departments than ENT such as ophthalmology, neurosurgery or OMF surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We present three clinical cases of odontogenic rhinosinusal suppurations with major complications: a 36-year-old patient with odontogenic pansinusitis complicated with orbital phlegmon and cerebral frontal lobe abscess; a 19-year-old patient with complicated maxillary-ethmoidal-frontal sinusitis complicated with frontal subdural empyema and frontal bone osteomyelitis (with a history of craniofacial trauma one year before); a 66-year-old patient with odontogenic maxillary-ethmoidal sinusitis complicated with orbital apex syndrome. RESULTS. The treatment was surgical, by external approach, with endoscopic nasal control, in interdisciplinary teams. We have associated massive antibiotic therapy. Surgical drainage for complicated rhinosinusitis should be done in emergency, within the first 24 hours after admission, according to guidelines. The bacteriological examination for aerobic and anaerobic flora can guide the diagnosis - two cases associated maxillo-ethmoidal aspergilloma lesions. The evolution of the cases was favourable. CONCLUSION. Interdisciplinary teams have successfully solved these complicated odontogenic rhinosinusal suppurations. Two of the cases were admitted and cured within 2 weeks, in the context of very hot weather, which exacerbated dormant dental infections.

BACKGROUND. In case of rhinosinusal malignant tumors, it is important to have a unified and simple terminology. The suprastructure refers to the ethmoid sinus, the sphenoid sinus, the frontal sinus and the olfactory area of the nose. The mesostructure includes the maxillary sinus, excepting the orbital wall, and the respiratory part of the nose.MATERIAL AND METHODS. We will present two clinical cases admitted and surgically treated in our department. The first one is a left-side suprastructure mass in a 39-year-old male patient, with a particular evolution. The second one is a left-side midfacial and suprastructure tumor with 3 prior negative biopsies in a 57-year-old patient. In both cases, we performed an external surgical approach.DISCUSSIONS. For an external approach in mesostructure malignant tumors, we propose a combined approach using lateral nasal rhinotomies, sub-labial rhinotomies and midfacial degloving. The external approach in malignant tumors of the supra-structure is centred on a classical incision for the frontal sinus or a hemicoronal or coronal approach. There are some clear advantages of the open approach to be considered.CONCLUSION. The advantages of the external approach are represented by a direct visualization and control of the tumor during the ablative time; a better control for negative margins; a better control of haemostasis; a better chance for en-bloc resection versus piece-meal resection.