The distribution of mass anomalies within the crust of the Archean Western Superior Province has been investigated with forward and inverse gravity modeling routines. The gravity models indicate that in most of the Western Superior Province, significant mass anomalies occur only within the top 10 km of the crust, where they are generally related to dense metavolcanic rocks and low‐density granitoid plutons, and at the crust‐mantle boundary, where they are linked to undulations of this interface. An exception is the region encompassing the central Wabigoon Subprovince and the segments of the Quetico and Wawa belts south of it, where implied large intracrustal mass anomalies are associated with a segment of denser lower crust, and with overlying depressions of the interfaces between the main crustal layers. We interpret the predominant lateral mass homogeneity observed at deep crustal levels as evidence of mass redistribution processes associated with a major postaccretionary episode of thermal softening of the Western Superior crust. The incongruent presence of a denser lower crustal segment may reflect the subsequent modification of the lower crust through magmatic intra and underplating, possibly in relation with the Mesoproterozoic midcontinent rifting event.
The Moho undulations beneath the western part of the Archean Superior Province have been investigated with a three-dimensional gravity inversion algorithm for a single interface of constant density contrast. Inversion of the complete gravity data set produces unreal effects in the solution due to the ambiguity in the possible sources of some crustal gravity anomalies. To avoid these effects a censored gravity data set was used instead. The inversion results are consistent with reflection and refraction seismic data from the region and, therefore, provide a basis for the lateral correlation of the Moho topography between parallel seismic lines. The results indicate the existence of a major linear east-west-trending rise of the Moho below the metasedimentary English River subprovince, which is paralleled by crustal roots below the granite-greenstone Uchi and Wabigoon subprovinces. This correlation between the subprovincial structure at the surface and deep Moho undulations suggests that the topography of the crust-mantle boundary is related to the tectonic evolution of the Western Superior belts. Although certain features of the crust-mantle boundary are likely inherited from the accretionary and collisional stages of the Western Superior craton, gravity-driven processes triggered by subsequent magmatism and crustal softening may have played a role in both the preservation of those features, as well as in the development of new ones.Résumé : Les ondulations de la discontinuité Moho sous la partie ouest de la Province du Supérieur (Archéen) ont été étudiées au moyen d'un algorithme d'inversion gravimétrique 3-D pour une interface simple à contraste de densité constant. L'inversion de l'ensemble complet de données gravimétriques produit des effets irréels dans la solution étant donné l'ambiguïté des sources possibles de quelques anomalies gravimétriques de la croûte. Afin d'éviter ces effets, on a plutôt utilisé un ensemble de données gravimétriques épurées. Les résultats de l'inversion concordent avec les données de réflexion et de réfraction sismiques de la région et fournissent donc une base pour la corrélation latérale de la topographie de la discontinuité Moho entre les lignes sismiques parallèles. Les résultats indiquent l'existence d'une montée linéaire majeure à tendance est-ouest du Moho sous la sous-province métasédimentaire de English River; les racines de la croûte sous les sous-provinces Uchi et de Wabigoon, composées de granites et de roches vertes, sont parallèles à cette montée. Cette corrélation entre la structure de la sous-province à la surface et les ondulations du Moho en profondeur suggère un lien entre la topographie de la limite croûte-manteau et l'évolution tectonique des ceintures de la Province du Supérieur Ouest. Bien que certaines caractéristiques de la limite croûte-manteau aient probablement été héritées des phases d'accrétion et de collision du craton Supérieur Ouest, des processus gravitationnels déclenchés par du magmatisme subséquent et un ramollissement de la croûte peuvent avoir j...
A high-resolution gravity profile, with station elevations and locations determined by a differential Global Positioning System, shows that the Saganash Lake fault that defines the northwestern boundary of the southern Kapuskasing Structural Zone (KSZ) is southeast dipping and of reverse type. Previous interpretations of a normal fault, caused by crustal collapse following east-verging thrusting along the Ivanhoe Lake fault that forms the southeastern boundary of the KSZ are no longer tenable. Instead, the reverse nature of the Saganash Lake fault is more in harmony with a model of the Kapuskasing zone, whereby its fault-bounded, uplifted blocks are positive flower structures formed by dextral shear along a zone of left-stepping en echelon faults.Résumé : Un profil gravimétrique à haute résolution, dont l'emplacement et l'élévation des stations ont été déterminés par des méthodes de GPS différentiel, montre que la faille du lac Saganash, qui définit la limite nord-ouest de la zone de Kapuskasing sud, est de type inversé et qu'elle a un pendage vers le sud-est. Des interprétations antérieures d'une faille normale, causée par un effondrement de la croûte après un chevauchement à vergence est le long de la faille du lac Ivanhoe, qui forme la limite sud-est de la zone de Kapuskasing, ne tiennent plus. La nature inversée de la faille du lac Saganash correspond mieux à un modèle de la zone de Kapuskasing selon lequel ses blocs soulevés et limités par des failles sont des structures positives de « fleurs » formées par un cisaillement dextre le long d'une zone de faille en échelons senestres.[Traduit par la Rédaction] Nitescu and Halls 480
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