Multispectral images contain a large amount of spatial and spectral data which are effective in identifying change areas. Deep feature extraction is important for multispectral image classification and is evolving as an interesting research area in change detection. However, many deep learning framework based approaches do not consider both spatial and textural details into account. In order to handle this issue, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based multi-feature extraction and fusion is introduced which considers both spatial and textural features. This method uses CNN to extract the spatio-spectral features from individual channels and fuse them with the textural features. Then the fused image is classified into change and unchanged regions. The presence of mixed pixels in the bitemporal satellite images affect the classification accuracy due to the misclassification errors. The proposed method was compared with six state-of-theart change detection methods and analyzed. The main highlight of this method is that by taking into account the spatio-spectral and textural information in the input channels, the mixed pixel problem is solved. Experiments indicate the effectiveness of this method and demonstrate that it possesses low misclassification errors, higher overall accuracy and kappa coefficient.

No abstract

This chapter introduces the phenomenon of microblogging and presents the most relevant options for educators, like: What is a microblog?; What is microblogging?; What can microblogging offer in terms of teaching/training? This chapter has a descriptive character, and it is structured into two large parts that provide a general-to-specific approach of both theoretical and practical aspects related to the microblogging phenomenon and the impact of microblogs in the educational space. Two case studies are also presented.

This chapter describes and discusses the applications and solutions under development or implemented in the e-Health care systems, in terms of their technological, social, organizational dimensions. A survey of the present status in relation with e-Government covers the leading countries (and not only) in ICT-based developments in these sectors. The authors present the most important solutions regarding the implementation and administration of a wide range of applications. Certain issues concerning EHR (Electronic Healthcare Record Systems), pharmacy and electronic prescription systems, patient administration and financial systems, intensive care unit systems, laboratory information systems, homecare and telecare applications, radiology information systems, and bioinformatics are outlined. Up and running ICT projects according to European Commission policies for health, ageing well, inclusion, and governance (FP7) are also presented.

No abstract