ABSTRACTthe specific pathology all BSG must be considered malignant because their localization itself is inoperable (23). These tumors are most often localized in pons, often with infiltration in other regions of the brainstem (16). They characteristically present with multiple cranial nerve deficits, ataxia and long tract dysfunction (5,6,10). The simplest classification of BSG is into two groups as focal and diffuse (4,8). More complex grading system defined subtypes of tumors of the brainstem, according to localization, the presence of hydrocephalus and hemorrhage and growth model (5,7,11,13).umors of the central nervous system are present in about 2% compared to all malignant tumors of the human population. They represent the leading cause of death from malignant tumors in children population and fourth in the adult population (21). In the period before computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), all brainstem gliomas (BSG) were considered a pathological entity with a poor prognosis. Matson emphasized that regardless of RESUlTS:Of the 51 patients, 62.7% were male and 37.3% were female. The mean age was 30.6±19.3 years. High grade glioma (Astrocytoma grade III and IV) was most common at the age of 38.2±17.9 years (t=.481, p=0.017) while low grade glioma (Astrocytoma grade I and II) was common in younger age as 25.4±17.4 years (X 2 =4.013; p=0.045), with localization in the pons (X 2 =5.299; p=0.021) and exophytic presentation (X 2 =3.862; p=0.049). Ataxia, as initial symptom, was a predictor of poor outcome (HR:5.546, p=0.012).CONClUSION: Due to its specific localization, BSG present a major challenge for neurosurgery, because of the necessity of safe approach for radical resection. Histological verification of BSG determines the need for additional therapeutic procedures such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Benefit from correct diagnosis is reflected in the avoidance of potentially adverse effects of treatment.

AIm: AVM because of outstanding tendency toward bleeding, even though 20 times more rare then aneurysm on the blood vessels of the brain and her own specific anatomical structure even today represents big neurosurgical challenge. mAterIAl and methOds: Series which is shown here consists of 39 patients which were hospitalized in the institute for neurosurgery of the Clinical Center of Serbia in the period between 1995 and 2004. This group was exposed to symptomatic therapy or it was estimated that surgery, embolization and radio surgery. BulGulAr: Çoklu venöz drenajın tekrarlayıcı kanama gelişmesinde yüksek risk oluşturduğu (p<0.001) saptanmıştır. Çoklu arteriel besleyici bulunması ise çalma fenomenine yol açmaktadır (p<0.05). Hassas bölge yerleşimli ve boyutları 2.5 ile 5 cm arasında olan AVM'lerde eğer çoklu besleyici ve derin drenaj veni var ise, kanama riski artmaktadır (p<0.001).sOnuÇ: AVM'ler diğer damarsal sorunlara göre daha iyi huyludurlar. Her olgu kendi içinde değerlendirilmeli ve cerrahi, embolizasyon ve radyocerrahiden hangisinin uygun olacağına karar verilmelidir.

AIM: Intracranial aneurysm rupture is followed by high mortality and morbidity. In order to understand the aneurysm's natural course, it is necessary to recognize the predisposing factors for the rupture. ResULTs:The ratio between the width of the aneurysm neck and diameter of the carrying blood vessel -artery in ruptured aneurysms (OR) was 1.58±0.61, and in unruptured aneurysms 1.14±0.52 (p<0.01). Aspect ratio of ruptured aneurysm was 1.89 ± 0.59, and in unruptured 1:33 ± 0.17. The angle of inclination of ruptured aneurysms was 139.22 ± 21.53, while in unruptured aneurysms it was 101.73 ± 21.26. CoNCLUsIoN:Based on the results of our research, a predictive model of morphometric characteristics of the vessel bearing the aneurysm to rupture can be identified: an irregular shape of the aneurysm, AR> 1.6, OR> 1.5 and inclination angle >135 deg. soNUÇ: Araştırmamızın sonuçları temelinde rüptüre olacak anevrizmayı taşıyan damarın morfometrik özelliklerinin prediktif bir modeli tanımlanabilir: Anevrizmada düzensiz şekil, aspekt oranı >1,6, OR >1,5 ve inklinasyon açısı >135 derece.

AIm: Glioblastoma multiforme in the motor area is the surgical challenge because of the need for more radical resection in order to extend the life of the patient, and the risk that radicalism could lead to additional neurological deficit. results: Distance of the central sulcus in relation to the coronary suture, measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was 18.38 mm ± 9.564 mm. The volume of electricity required for a motor response was mean 8.79 ± 1.484 mA, with increasing distance from the coronary suture the amperage required to explicit motor responses decreased. The difference (mm) between the distance from the coronary suture measured using MRI and distances measured electrostimulation smaller and power consumption was less (F = 13.285, p <0.01). COnClusIOn:The method of cortical cerebral cortex electrostimulation is simple and safe method and a binding protocol to the patient safe operation glioblastoma multiforme localized in the motor area of the brain. BulGulAr: Manyetik rezonans görüntülemesine göre koronal sütür ile santral sulkus arasındaki uzaklık ortalama 18.38 mm ± 9.564 mm. bulundu. Motor cevabı oluşturmak için gerekli olan akımın ortalaması 8.79 ± 1.484 mA bulundu. Koronal sütüre olan uzaklık arttıkça ortaya çıkan motor cevap azaldı. Manyetik rezonans görüntülemesine göre ve elektrostimülasyona göre yapılan ölçümlerin (mm) farklılığı analiz edildiğinde; uzaklık elektrostimülasyonda daha azdı (F = 13.285, p <0.01).sOnuÇ: Motor alana yerleşmiş glioblastome multiforme olgularında serebral kortikal elektrostimülasyon basit ve güvenilir bir yöntemdir.

AIm:The aim of this study was to identify the most appropriate method of surgical treatment of hydrocephalus in preterm infants that is caused by spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and to identify predictive factors of poor perioperative outcomes. mAteRIAl and methods:We present a series of 60 patients with IVH and hydrocephalus, to whom a VP shunt or subcutaneous (Omaya) reservoir was placed, during the period from March 2006 to March 2011. Results ConClusIon:The outcome of hydrocephalus caused by IVH in premature born children is the worst in perinatology. Our results suggest that the main predictive factor is preoperative condition of the child and that the VP shunt and Omaya reservoir are complementary methods of surgical treatment. sonuÇ: Prematüre çocuklarda intraventriküler kanama nedeniyle oluşan hidrosefalinin sonuçları perinatoloji hastalıkları arasında en kötülerinden biridir. Sonuçlarımız ana prediktif faktörün çocuğun preoperatif durumu olduğunu ve VP şant ve Omaya rezervuarının tamamlayıcı cerrahi tedavi yöntemleri olduğunu göstermektedir.