Freshwater, in general, is one of the most basic components of a healthy ecosystem and an asset to humanity. It is currently threatened by the massive generation of industrial and domestic waste following the expansion of global industrialization and population boom. The inflow of untreated industrial and domestic wastewater effluents, agricultural runoff, and sanitary landfill water into rivers and seas often leads to contamination of freshwater bodies and the limitation of clean water in circulation. However, there is increasing dependence on freshwater sources for various human activities. Hence, the need for continuous assessment of the quality of available environmental water has become a crucial research concern, as the conventional techniques often used are not sufficient to meet the expanding demand for real-time, rapid, low-cost, reliable, and sensitive water quality monitoring. Hence, this mini-review briefly explores alternative wireless sensor network automated tools designed to ensure safe, real-time, rapid, low-cost, reliable, and sensitive assessment of environmental water.
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