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Background: Raised serum ferritin levels are associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prediabetic stage, metabolic syndrome (Mets) and cardiovascular risk. The association between Serum ferritin and HbA1c levels with individual components of metabolic syndrome and obesity are unclear. Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between serum ferritin levels, fasting Blood glucose levels, waist Hip ratio, fasting insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and lipid profile in previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, newly diagnosed patients, impaired fasting glucose subjects and healthy subjects and relationship among iron stores, the metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in premenopausal women, postmenopausal women and men. Subjects and methods: 1058 participants included in this study out of them 365 patients with previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus having poor glycemic control and good glycemic control, 144 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, 189 participants with impaired fasting glucose levels and 360 healthy participants. Fasting blood glucose, Serum ferritin, serum insulin, HbA1c waist hip ratio, and lipid parameters were estimated and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Results: Dichotomizing ferritin concentration in to <300 and >300 ng/ml for men and <150 and >150 ng/ml for women, the odd ratios for newly diagnosed diabetes were 4.94 (95% CI 3.05-8.01) for men 3.61 (2.01-6.48) for women. All multiple linear regression coefficients between ferritin concentration and concentration of insulin, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin were positive and significant for men and postmenopausal women. Conclusion: On basis of present studies results, it is concluded that hyperferritinaemia and iron overload may be the primary cause of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome before overt type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Quality failures in the clinical laboratories should be analyzed to improve patient safety in hospital. Purpose of this study is to apply failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) for prospective risks of quality failures and appropriate corrective actions to reduce/prevent errors in clinical biochemistry laboratory. Materials and Methods: Members of multidisciplinary team were trained to notify quality failures. Each quality failures assigned value from 1 to 5 based on severity, occurrence and detection of failure modes. Risk priority number (RPN) was calculated from severity, occurrence and detection scores (RPN = SI x OI x DI). For highest risk failure modes, FMEA tool was applied in two stages: before and after action plan. Results: A total 14 high risk failure modes were found and arranged based on their RPN values from high to low score. In 5 highest risk failure modes RPN values before action plan were as follows: Transcription error (RPN=100), Malfunction of reagent (RPN=75), Malfunction of calibrator (RPN=48), Samples taken in wrong tubes (RPN=36) and Sample misplaced in laboratory (RPN=36). After corrective actions taken, we found decrease in RPN values for 5 highest risk failure modes. Conclusion:FMEA is an effective tool to reduce quality failures in clinical biochemistry laboratories.

A new, simple, rapid, accurate and precise Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method has been developed for the validated of Aspirin and Caffeine, in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient form as well as in combined tablet dosage form. Chromatography was carried out on Symmetry ODS C18 (4.6mm × 250mm, 5µm) column using a mixture of Methanol: Acetonitrile (35:65v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min, the detection was carried out at 273nm. The retention time of the Aspirin and Caffeine, was 2.085, 5.262±0.02min respectively. The method produces linear responses in the concentration range of 30-70mg/ml of Aspirin and 6-14mg/ml of Caffeine. The mean % assay of marketed formulation was found to be 100.04%, and % recovery was observed in the range of 98-102%. Relative standard deviation for the precision study was found <2%. The developed method is simple, precise and rapid, making it suitable for estimation of Aspirin and Caffeinein API and combined tablet dosage form. The method is useful in the quality control of bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.

The objective of present study to find out women for precancerous lesions with the help of pap smear test as early identification marker. Determine the percentage of cervical cancer in relationship with demographic, education and occupation. To find out pap smear effectiveness in various infections. To find out correlation pap smear findings with symptoms.This is a cross-sectional study involving the screening of women from the rural population of Siddipet district for the assessment of health status using pap smear test who have attended the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology conducted during the period of August 2019 to May 2021. The present study included 1500 Pap smears, of which the most common abnormality was inflammatory smear, which is followed by atrophic smear. Among all the study respondent’s majority (64.5%) of the women were home makers and not working, remaining participants were either self employed or working women. Percentage of abnormal smear reports was reported in group 2 (31-40 years) subjects followed by group 3 (41-50 years) women. In 22 patients, Atypical Squamous Cell of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) was observed. The present study reported very less cervical cancer prevalence in our study population.Pap smear testing is a sensitive and effective screening test which can be used for identification of precancerous epithelial lesions. Pap smear test should be recognized as a routine screening method to decrease Mortality and Morbidity due to the cervical cancer. This study also regard us as paps smear is a gold standard for cervical screening. This study also suggests that every woman above the age 30 years should undergo screening programs for cervical cancers. So Morbidity and Mortality due to cervical cancers can be prevented by early identification of cervical cancer by doing screening at regular intervals.