Background: Incidence of endometrial carcinoma in Vojvodina is 15-20/100 000. In 75% cases, endometrial carcinoma is diagnosed in postmenopausal period. In 90 % of patients, the first clinical sign is postmenopausal bleeding. The aim of the study was to investigate clinical and histopathological characteristics in patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Methods: The study included 122 patients with postmenopausal bleeding. All of these patients underwent gynecological examination and vaginal ultrasound. We obtained materials for histopathological analysis by fractionate explorative curettage. Once we had definitive histopathological findings, we divided patients in two groups A (endometrial carcinoma) and B (benign changes). Results: We confirmed significant statistical differences between examined group A and B, including age (64.49 compared with 58.81 years), postmenopausal period (13.67 instead 9.11 years), and length of uterine corpus (6.41 instead 5.25 cm). Conclusion: Elderly women with longer postmenopausal interval and postmenopausal bleeding had increased risk for endometrial carcinoma. Measurement of endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasound appeared to be insufficient parameter for differentiating the benign from the malignant changes of endometrium. Patients with endometrial carcinoma had significantly longer corpus of uterus comparing to patients with benign changes. Body mass index was not found to be significant risk factor in development of endometrial carcinoma in the examined groups. Obesity was diagnosed in both groups, suggesting that increased body mass index is a risk factor for development of pathological changes in endometrium, which could lead to postmenopausal bleeding

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BackgroundESGO (European Society of Gynaecological Oncology) and partners are continually improving the developmental opportunities for gynaecological oncology fellows. The objectives of this survey were to evaluate the progress in the infrastructure of the training systems in Europe over the past decade. We also evaluated training and assessment techniques, the perceived relevance of ENYGO (European Network of Young Gynaecological Oncologists) initiatives, and unmet needs of trainees.MethodologyNational representatives of ENYGO from 39 countries were contacted with an electronic survey. A graduation in well/moderately/loosely-structured training systems was performed. Descriptive statistical analysis and frequency tables, as well as two-sided Fisher’s exact test, were used.ResultsNational representatives from 33 countries answered our survey questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 85%. A national fellowship is offered in 22 countries (66.7%). A logbook to document progress during training is mandatory in 24 (72.7%) countries. A logbook of experience is only utilized in a minority of nations (18%) for assessment purposes. In 42.4% of countries, objective assessments are recognized. Trainees in most countries (22 (66.7%)) requested additional training in advanced laparoscopic surgery. 13 (39.4%) countries have a loosely-structured training system, 11 (33.3%) a moderately-structured training system, and 9 (27.3%) a well-structured training system.ConclusionSince the last publication in 2011, ENYGO was able to implement new activities, workshops, and online education to support training of gynaecological oncology fellows, which were all rated by the respondents as highly useful. This survey also reveals the limitations in establishing more accredited centers, centralized cancer care, and the lack of laparoscopic training.

Background: Tumor budding is recognized as an important independent prognostic factor in colorectal carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the grade of tumor budding and association with other clinical and pathological features in patients with cervical carcinoma. Material and methods: We evaluated pathohistological data from 91 cervical carcinoma patients (mean age: 53.8 years) who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphatic dissection at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina between January 2010 and December 2018. Tumor budding was evaluated in invasive front of the tumor. Based on the number of bud counts/10 high power field, three groups were formed: with no budding, with less than 15 buds, and with more than 15 buds. Results: Eighty (87.91%) of evaluated cervical carcinomas were squamous-cell type, while 12.09% were adenocarcinomas. All carcinomas were graded (HG1-HG3). Average diameter of the tumors was 25 mm (81.6% < 4 cm and 18.4% > 4 cm). Metastases in lymph nodes were present in 30 (32.9%) cases. Based on the number of bud counts/10 high power field there were 35.1% with no budding, 32.9% with less than 15 buds and 37.3% with more than 15 buds. There was a significant association between tumor budding grade and histological grade (p=0.04), as well as with tumor budding grade and the diameter of the tumor (p=0.04). Conclusion: As a quantitative measure of cancer cell dissociation, tumor budding is associated with poor prognosis in cervical carcinoma and should be considered as a prognostic factor.