Background: The population of older adults is growing rapidly with the increasing pace of aging worldwide. The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been a convenient and reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to determine the association between the TyG index and arterial stiffness assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Chinese older adults.Methods: A total of 2,035 participants aged 60 years or above were enrolled. Demographic, anthropometric, and cardiovascular risk factors were collected. TyG index was calculated using ln (fasting triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). Arterial stiffness was measured using baPWV.Results: The participants, with the mean [standard deviation (SD)] age of 71.32 (6.75) years, the female proportion of 39.65%, the mean (SD) baPWV of 1,998 (437) cm/s, and the mean (SD) TyG index of 8.86 (0.54), were divided into four groups according to TyG index quartiles. Age-adjusted baPWV presented an increasing trend according to TyG index quartiles. In the fully adjusted linear regression model, the baPWV increased 49 cm/s, with the 95% confidence interval (CI) from 24 to 75 cm/s, per-SD increase in the TyG index. In the fully-adjusted logistic regression model, the odds ratio (95% CI) of high baPWV (>75th percentile) was 1.32 (1.09, 1.60) for each SD increase in the TyG index. The generalized additive model analysis also confirmed the significant association of the TyG index with baPWV and high baPWV.Conclusion: The TyG index is significantly associated with arterial stiffness assessed by baPWV in Chinese older adults.

Background The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most widely used instrument to test cognitive functioning. The present study prospectively investigated the association between MMSE scores, MMSE domains, and all-cause mortality. Methods A total of 2134 participants aged 60 years or over, selected from one urban community-dwelling population in China, were enrolled in the study. The cognitive test was performed by use of the MMSE at baseline, and covariates were recorded simultaneously. Cox regression models were used for examining the cognitive function, expressed by different MMSE transformations, and all-cause mortality. After followed up for a median of 10.8 years (ranging from 1.0 to 11.3 years), loss to follow-up was 13.1% and 1854 individuals were finally included in the analyses. Results The subjects had the mean (SD) age of 71.01 (7.00) years, and 754 (40.67%) of them were women. Per point increase on MMSE scores was associated a 4% decreased risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 0.96; 95%confidence interval (CI): 0.93–0.98]; compared to MMSE scores of ≥24, MMSE scores of < 24 was associated with a 43% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.05–1.95); compared to MMSE scores of 30, MMSE scores of 27–29 (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.89–1.82), 24–26 (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.86–1.99), and < 24 (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.15–2.77) had a graded increase in risk of all-cause mortality (p for trend =0.003). Of MMSE domains, orientation to time (HR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.29–3.11), attention and calculation (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.16–1.92), recall (HR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.22–5.47), and language (HR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.25–2.26) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the unadjusted model; for one increase in the number of impaired MMSE domains, the unadjusted HR (95% CI) of mortality is 1.51 (1.38, 1.65), and the HR (95% CI) of mortality is 1.12 (1.01, 1.25) with full adjustment; compared to 0 and 1 impaired MMSE domains, the HRs of all-cause mortality associated with 2, 3, 4, and ≥ 5 impaired MMSE domains were 1.14 (95% CI: 0.84–1.54), 1.50 (95% CI: 0.98–2.28), 2.14 (95% CI: 1.12–4.09) and 2.29 (95% CI: 1.24–5.04), respectively, and a dose-dependent relationship was significant (p for trend =0.003). Conclusion Cognitive impairment is associated with the increased risk of all-cause mortality in the Chinese elderly. Similarly, reduced MMSE scores, as well as impaired MMSE domains, are also associated with the increasing risk of all-cause mortality.

BackgroundTo explore the relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and the risk of all-cause mortality in one urban community-dwelling population in China.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study with a sample of 1,863 older adults aged 60 years or over in Beijing who completed baseline examinations in 2009–2010 and a 10-year follow-up in 2020. WWI was calculated as waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of weight (kg). Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the significance of the association of WWI with all-cause mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the ability of each obesity index to predict mortality.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 10.8 years (1.0 to 11.3 years), 339 deaths occurred. After adjusted for covariates, the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality progressively increased across the tertile of WWI. Compared with the lowest WWI category (tertile1 &lt;10.68 cm/√kg), with WWI 10.68 to 11.24cm/√kg, and≥11.25 cm/√kg, the HRs (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for all-cause mortality were 1.58 (1.12–2.22), and 2.66 (1.80–3.92), respectively. In stratified analyses, the relationship between WWI and the risk of all-cause mortality persisted. The area under ROC for WWI was higher for all-cause mortality than BMI, WHtR, and WC.ConclusionWWI was associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality, and the association was more robust with the highest WWI category.