Introduction: Many cytotoxic drugs (CDs) are known to be teratogenic and mutagenic to humans. Nurses are the main groups that are exposed to these drugs in hospital setting. Generally, the occupational activities that pose a greatest risk of exposure are the preparation and administration of CDs, cleaning of CDs spills, and handling of patient excreta. Aim of work and Objectives: This study aims to protect nurses from CDs exposure hazards with the following objectives: 1)To determine health hazards of CDs exposures.2)To apply a health education program for improving knowledge and practice of nurses exposed to CDs.3)To evaluate the effect of health education program on improving the knowledge and practice of nurses exposed to CDs. Materials and Methods: An interventional study (health education program) carried on 50 nurses exposed to CDs in oncology units (Pre and post intervention) at Zagazig University Hospitals. All nurses were subjected to a structured questionnaire included questions about: personal and socio-demographic characteristics, occupational history, and knowledge about CDs drugs. A performance checklist was used to assess the practice of nurses. All nurses were subjected to health education program. Results: Improvement in knowledge among the studied nurses was only affected by nurses' job rank as the knowledge of supervisors improved more than the knowledge of staff nurses. The practice of nurses was not affected by socio-demographic characteristics. It also showed that there was a statistical significant improvement of total knowledge and total performance after intervention by health education (4.0% vs. 98.0% and 4.0% vs. 56.0% respectively). Conclusion: The level of knowledge of nurses about CDs was not satisfactory; also there was a significant improvement of knowledge and practices among the studied nurses handling cytotoxic drugs after intervention.

Introduction: Motorcycles are one of the widely used means of transportation in Egypt nowadays especially three-wheeled motorcycle "Tok-Tok" and there is an increased frequency of crash injuries among motorcycle riders. Aim of work: To assess the risky behaviors and the safety measures in a group of Egyptian motorcycle riders who experienced road traffic accidents, and to study the possible underlying causes of crash accidents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 319 motorcycle riders admitted to Zagazig University Hospitals due to crash accident. A questionnaire was used to gather information about rider's risky behaviors and safety issues along with other socio-demographic data. Results: The study showed that the majority of motorcyclists (87.1 %) don't have a driving license, only (1.9 %) wear helmets and more than half of them (54.5 %) usually use the cell phone while riding and this was noticed more among "Tok-Tok" (3 wheels) riders. About 58.0% of riders don't respect traffic rules as traffic lights or road signs, and the majority ride on highways. Poor riding technique (73.4 %) was the main cause of accidents. Stunting acts were more common among the two wheels riders with riding experience less than 10 years. Conclusion: the results of this study attract the attention to the main causes of crash accidents which relates to human risky behaviour. This raises the need for proper safety education and training of motorcycle riders with traffic law enforcement, especially driving license and safe riding practices which can definitely help in reducing the incidence of road accidents and save human lives.

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Introduction: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureas (MRSA) is largely a hospital-acquired infection that is capable of causing severe infections. Comprehensive MRSA control programs, have reported success in controlling transmission and reduced acquisition of MRSA in high-risk units in hospitals. Aim of work: To measure the current prevalence of MRSA colonization and measure the effect of health education program on knowledge and attitude about MRSA infection and control among health care workers. Materials and methods: An intervention study was conducted over 8 months upon 54 working staff in the Surgical ICU at Zagazig university hospital and 144 isolates were taken from the health care workers, patients and the environment. Results: Out of 144 isolates, 36 were positive for MRSA with a rate of 61% was on the side of the health care workers. Our findings revealed significant improvement in the knowledge and attitude after application of the educational program in health care workers. Conclusion: Further targeted health education programs for health care workers are needed to increase their awareness and understanding of the microorganism and the importance of the adherence to the infection control guidelines to break the chain of transmission in the health care setting.