Abstract. Education goal is not to produce higher exam scores, but to educate learners to become responsible people with welldeveloped minds and good character. Fact says, most of the students who graduated from Islamic elementary school in Kera island (a small island in the Gulf of Kupang city, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia) prefer to work as fishermen instead of continuing their study to higher education levels. This practice has been continued for several years. In relation to such fact, the present study aims to reveal the teacher-student interaction in connection to teacher's behaviour in students' motivation practice. For this purpose, a qualitative research design was applied to gain deeper understanding on such practice naturally. The data collection process was part of authors' Community Service Project (IbM RISTEKDIKTI for Bajo tribe) on the island. Data were collected using classroom observations and semi-structured interviews. This study reveals that the teacher performed positive roles in motivating the students during classroom interaction. Hopefully, the present study may help teachers and educators in Indonesia concerning teacher behaviours in elementary classroom environment.

Abstract. In Indonesia, the use of only English as a medium of instruction in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom is highly demanded. The present study investigates how code-switching is perceived by High School teachers in Kupang city, East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia, in teaching English. Specifically, it aims to find out the teachers' beliefs and perceptions towards the use of Indonesian language (L1) as their pedagogical instrument in teaching English in EFL classrooms. To achieve that goal, 40 EFL teachers were asked to give their responses to a 24-item of questionnaire which focused on teachers' roles and beliefs of codeswitching applied in the EFL classroom. After analyzing the data, it was found that the teachers applied code-switching to serve pedagogical aims and to facilitate the EFL teaching and learning process. As a result, they used code-switching when explaining difficult words, encourage students' participation and managing and organizing the classroom. Another finding was that, the teachers also believed that, the advantages in applying codeswitching exaggerated the disadvantages in ELF classroom.

Absstract :It is believed that teaching and learning experiences that involve the learner actively in practical examples are engaged longer than theoretical experiences. Instructional resources are teaching aids or media used to help teachers and students in classroom interaction. These aids help teachers to provide fun, interesting and enjoyable platform to convey information of a given topic as a means of motivating students to achieve their learning objectives. The present study aims to find out how the teachers in Rijalul Ghad Islamic school in Kera island, Kupang regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia utilized waste materials to support their teaching and learning process in the classroom. The data were collected using classroom observation, semi-structured interview with the teachers as well as the students and a list of 15-item questions about the level of application of instructional media in the classroom addressed to the teachers and the students. This study reveals that the students were active during the application of the instructional media using waste materials such as papers and drinking mineral bottles. In addition, during the application of the teaching and learning aids, the students also learnt how to work in team during group discussion and how to appreciate other's opinion. However, a support on the use of teaching aids, especially teacher's made (or teacher-students' made) need to be increased among teachers. This is because, not all teachers are able to utilize waste materials in to instructional media.