Purpose: Physical activity (PA) is known to improve cognitive and brain function, but debate continues regarding the consistency and magnitude of its effects, populations and cognitive domains most affected, and parameters necessary to achieve the greatest improvements (e.g., dose). Methods:In this umbrella review conducted in part for the 2018 Health and Human Services Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee, we examined whether PA interventions enhance cognitive and brain outcomes across the lifespan, as well as in populations experiencing cognitive dysfunction (e.g., schizophrenia). Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pooled analyses were used. We further examined whether engaging in greater amounts of PA is associated with a reduced risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia in late adulthood.

This paper is being published as an official pronouncement of the American College of Sports Medicine. This pronouncement was reviewed for the American College of Sports Medicine by members-at-large and the Pronouncements Committee. Disclaimer: Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information present and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this publication and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations.

SDC 1 Table. Physical activity to prevent and treat hypertension: A summary of the qualifying meta-analyses and systematic reviews by physical activity type Author, Year Coverage Dates Publication Type Total Included Studies (N) Total Participants in Study Sample (N) Exercise Type (Mode) Methodologica l Study Quality (AMSTAR EX) The Blood Pressure (SBP/DBP/MAP) Change (mm Hg) Following Exercise vs Control by BP Group or the Relationship of Physical Activity to Incident Hypertension or Cardiovascular Disease Progression and Other Relevant Outcomes Conceicao, 2016 (1) Up to February 2016 Meta-Analysis of RCTs 4 216 Aerobic (Dance) Training Moderate H-12.0 (95% CI-16.1 to-7.9) /-3.4 (95% CI-4.8 to-1.9) Cornelissen, 2013b (2) Up to February 2012 Meta-Analysis of RCTs 93 5223 Aerobic Training

Purpose: To summarize the evidence from the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report, including new evidence from an updated search of the effects of physical activity on maternal health during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods: An initial search was undertaken to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2006 and 2016. An updated search then identified additional systematic reviews and meta-analyses published

Purpose: To review and update the evidence of the relationship between physical activity, risk of fall-related injury, and physical function in community-dwelling older people that was presented in the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report (PAGAC Report). Methods: Duplicate independent screenings of 1,415 systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2006 and 2016 identified from PubMed®, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases yielded 111 articles used for the PAGAC Report. The PAGAC Aging Subcommittee members graded scientific evidence strength based upon a 5-criteria rubric and assigned one of four grades: strong, moderate, limited, or not assignable. An updated search of 368 articles published between January 2017 and March 2018 yielded 35 additional pertinent articles.