Background: In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), pregnancy and childbirth continue to be viewed as solely a woman’s issues. Increasing partner participation and encouraging joint decision making in maternal health care may provide an important strategy in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity.Objective: To assess the level of male partner involvement in Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) and its association with women’s use of institutional delivery among mothers who had a child less than 12 months in West Arsi Zone, South Ethiopia Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in West Arsi Zone South Ethiopia in 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. Data was collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was applied for the analysis of each of the independent variables against the dependent variable. The association between male involvement in BPCR and women’s use of institutional delivery was done. The results were reported using crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence interval. Results: More than half of male partners, 407 (54.3%) accompanied their wife during ANC follow up at least ones for the last pregnancy. Slightly more than three fourth, 571 (76.1%) of male partners involved in BPCR for the last pregnancy. Fife hundred fifty-four (73.9%) of the mothers gave birth in the health institution for the most recent child. Male involvement in BPCR (aOR = 18.7, 95% CI (11.1 – 31.6), joint decision making about place of delivery (aOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.76 – 5.7), urban residence (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.32 – 3.7) and having two or less under-five children (aOR, 95% CI: 2.7 (1.4 – 5.3) were associated with women’s use of institutional delivery. Conclusion: More than three fourth of male partners involved BPCR. Male involvement in BPCR, joint decision making about place of delivery, urban residence and having ≤ 2 under-five children were associated with women’s use of institutional delivery. Designing and implementing health education on the role of male partner in maternal health care is mandatory. Empowering rural mothers to use health institutions for delivery and birth spacing may improve the magnitude of institutional delivery.

Background Lost to follow-up among pediatric human immune deficiency virus infected patients is a major challenge for the global scale-up of lifesaving antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is considerable obstacle for effectiveness of the program which negatively impacted on immunological benefits of ART and drug adherence. Additionally, it increases drug toxicity, resistance and acquired immune deficiency syndrome related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is very crucial to identify the incidence and determinants of loss to follow up among children in study area. Objectives To determine incidence and determinants of lost to follow-up among human immune deficiency virus-infected children on Anti-Retroviral Treatment. Method A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 269 randomly selected children who had been on ART in the health facilities of Shashemene Town from January 1, 2015 to December 30, 2020. Data on patients’ medical records such as patient intake form and the registers were collected using standardized checklist. Data were coded and entered by Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed by Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 25. The Cox proportional hazard assumption was checked using Schoenfeld residual test (global test > 0.05). Finally, adjusted hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed, and variables with P-values < 0.05 in multivariable analysis were taken as significant predictors of lost to follow up. Results Of 269 HIV-infected children included in the final analysis, 43 (16%) were loss to follow up. The overall incidence rate of loss to follow up was 3.3 with (95% CI: 2.4–4.4) per 100 Child-Year of observation. Age less than 5 years (AHR:0.03 95% CI: 0.003–0.361), non-orphan status of the child (AHR = 0.13(0.048–0.340), < 30-minute distance from health facility (AHR:0.24 95% CI:0.077–0.728), disclosed HIV status (AHR :0.32 95% CI :0.126–0.795), history of opportunistic infection (AHR: 3.54, 95%CI :1.152–10.866) and CD4 below threshold (AHR:5.17 95%:CI:2.082–12.8490) were significant determinants of loss to follow up. Conclusion The incidence density of loss to follow up in this study was low as compared to other studies. The finding indicated that older children, orphan, low immune status, undisclosed HIV status and distance from health facility were independent determinants of loss to follow up. Giving special attention to older, orphan and those with low CD4 count is mandatory. Age-appropriate disclosure should also be encouraged.