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IntroductionDyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Vitamin D deficiency has been found to be associated with CVD. However, the relationships between vitamin D and lipids are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D status and serum lipids in Southern Thai subjects.Material and methodsA total of 726 healthy subjects in Southern Thailand were enrolled in the study. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose, anthropometric data, blood pressure, and body composition were measured. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and biochemical data was evaluated by partial correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. The association of serum 25(OH)D levels with dyslipidaemia was analysed using multivariate regression analysis.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and body composition parameters after adjusting for age in women. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that TC and BMI were independent predictors for 25(OH)D concentrations in women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of hypertriglyceridaemia (OR 0.51; 95% CI: 0.32–0.80, p = 0.004) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR 0.43; 95% CI: 0.26–0.71, p = 0.001) were significantly lower in vitamin D sufficiency when compared with hypovitaminosis D in women.ConclusionsVitamin D sufficiency could reduce risk of hypertriglyceridaemia and reduced HDL-C, particularly in women, suggesting that vitamin D sufficiency may have beneficial effects on lipids and a decreased risk for CVD in Thai women.