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Image Databases (IDBs) are a kind of Spatial Databases where a large number of images are stored and queried. In this chapter, techniques for indexing an IDB for efficiently processing several kinds of queries, like retrieval based on features, content, structure, processing of joins, and queries by example are reviewed. The main indexing techniques used in IDBs are either members of the R-tree family (data driven structures), or members of the quadtree family (space driven structures). Although, research on IDB indexing counts several years, there are still significant research challenges, which are also discussed in this chapter. IDBs and their indexing structures bring together two different disciplines (databases and image processing) and interdisciplinary research efforts are required. Moreover, dealing with the semantic gap (successful integrated retrieval based on low-level features and high-level semantic features) and querying between images and other kinds of spatial data are also significant future research directions.

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